**Hasti Hayati 1,\*, David Eager 1, Ann-Marie Pendrill <sup>2</sup> and Hans Alberg <sup>3</sup>**


Received: 14 September 2020; Accepted: 10 October 2020; Published: 21 October 2020

**Abstract:** Rapid changes in forces and the resulting changes in acceleration, jerk and higher order derivatives can have undesired consequences beyond the effect of the forces themselves. Jerk can cause injuries in humans and racing animals and induce fatigue cracks in metals and other materials, which may ultimately lead to structure failures. This is a reason that it is used within standards for limits states. Examples of standards which use jerk include amusement rides and lifts. Despite its use in standards and many science and engineering applications, jerk is rarely discussed in university science and engineering textbooks and it remains a relatively unfamiliar concept even in engineering. This paper presents a literature review of the jerk and higher derivatives of displacement, from terminology and historical background to standards, measurements and current applications.

**Keywords:** jerk; acceleration onset; higher-order derivatives of acceleration; jounce; acceleration-dot
