**5. Conclusions**

Our results demonstrated that the number of identified amphibian species in Costa Rica is still growing, and there may be potential future additions (e.g., *Bolitoglossa anthracina* [109] and *B. indio* [110]). A continuous assessment of species and regions is needed to identify continuing threats to amphibian biodiversity. We found that *Bd* was widespread across species, herpetological provinces, and altitudinal belts in samples collected since 2000. Conducting more studies in remote regions, such as Cordillera de Talamanca, may help to better describe spatial dynamics of both amphibian hosts and *Bd*. In addition, future studies should test whether seasonal disease dynamics are causing mortality events in regions that are considered unsuitable for *Bd*. Under potential scenarios of climate change, environmental conditions may shift to ideal ranges for *Bd* infection [28] and seasonal regions that sustain critically endangered species (e.g., tropical dry forest) may experience future outbreaks of chytridiomycosis [111]. We also recommend continuous surveillance of invasive species, which might amplify *Bd* in the environment, causing future epizootics [37]. This vital information will aid in the development of more effective conservation strategies for amphibians across a broader range of habitats [46,112–114].

**Supplementary Materials:** The following are available online at http://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/11/8/129/s1. Figure S1: Map of Costa Rica showing elevational gradient and nine study sites surveyed for *Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis*, Figure S2: Prevalence and intensity of infection of *Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis* in amphibian assemblages from the nine surveyed sites in Costa Rica, Table S1: List of species where *Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis* was surveyed in Costa Rica for our "field dataset", Table S2: Prevalence and infection intensity of *Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis* at nine sites in Costa Rica, Table S3: Distribution of amphibians in Costa Rica according to herpetological province and elevation, Table S4: List of species that have been screened for *Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis* in Costa Rica, Table S5: List of species where *Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis* was surveyed in Costa Rica in our combined dataset, Table S6: Candidacy generalized linear models (GLMs) and linear models (LMs) used to determine the best predictors of prevalence and infection intensity of *Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis* in amphibian assemblages from Costa Rica.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, H.Z.; Data curation, H.Z., K.N., A.G., G.C., E.A., F.B., S.W., and C.S.; Formal analysis, H.Z., K.N., A.G., and G.C.; Methodology, H.Z., K.N., A.G., G.C., E.A., F.B., S.W., and C.S.; Project administration, C.S.; Supervision, H.Z. and C.S.; Writing—Original draft, H.Z. and K.N.; Writing—Review and editing, H.Z., K.N., A.G., G.C., E.A., F.B., S.W., and C.S.

**Funding:** H.Z. was funded by (1) the Department of Biological Sciences at Purdue University through the Lindsay Fellowship and the Andrews Environmental Travel Grant, (2) the Osa Conservation through the Álvaro Ugalde Scholarship, and (3) IdeaWild. K.N. was funded by the Department of Biological Sciences at Purdue University through the McAtee Scholarship and a Cable-Silkman award. A.G. is currently supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico (DGAPA) at Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. The field trip following the Gabb's route was funded by the National Geographic Society (grant number W-346-14).

**Acknowledgments:** We thank B. Araya, F. Ureña, and, P. Piza for field assistance, and D. Vasquez for statistical counseling. We also acknowledge the Costa Rican Ministry of Environment and Energy (MINAE)) for providing the corresponding scientific collecting permits for this work (research permits 001-2012-SINAC, R-019-2016-OT-CONAGEBIO, R-023-2016-OT-CONAGEBIO, R-057-2016-OT-CONAGEBIO, R-060-2016-OT-CONAGEBIO).

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.
