**4. Conclusions**

Further research on lifestyle-related factors including diet and exposure to toxic contaminants, as well as persisting mechanisms of disease post-kidney transplantation (i.e., inflammation and redox imbalance and vascular calcification) is needed as it may bring about powerful opportunities to improve long-term outcomes post-kidney transplantation. Reflection on these current research opportunities is warranted among the research and clinical kidney transplantation community. Forthcoming analyses of the data to be generated by the long-lasting Transplant Lines Prospective Cohort Study and Biobank of Solid Organ Transplant Recipients [176] may shed light on these questions.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, C.G.S. and S.J.L.B.; methodology, C.G.S., M.H.d.B., G.J.N., and S.J.L.B.; investigation, C.G.S. and S.J.L.B.; resources, C.G.S., M.H.d.B., and S.J.L.B.; writing—original draft preparation, C.G.S.; writing—review and editing, C.G.S., M.H.d.B., C.A.t.V.-K., G.J.N., and S.J.L.B.; supervision, M.H.d.B., G.J.N., and S.J.L.B.; project administration, C.G.S. and S.J.L.B.; funding acquisition, C.G.S. and S.J.L.B. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** Camilo G. Sotomayor is supported by a personal gran<sup>t</sup> from CONICYT (F 72190118).

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

**Disclaimer:** The data reported in Figure 1 have been supplied by the United States Renal Data System. The interpretation and reporting of these data are the responsibility of the author(s) of this manuscript and in no way should be seen as an official policy or interpretation of the U.S. government.
