**6. Conclusions**

In summary, the present status of kidney health care, and subsequently, research evidence in nephrology requires strengthening. Big data research that is problem-driven in nephrology is very much essential in promoting the interdisciplinary incorporation and subsequent improvements in kidney disease, and it may subsequently o ffer some greater insights to further studies in the future. Within the present era of using big data, it is strongly believed that big data and artificial intelligence will greatly reshape research done on kidney disease and consequently improve the general clinical practice of nephrology in the near future.

**Funding:** This research received no external funding.

**Conflicts of Interest:** We do not have any financial or non-financial potential conflicts of interest.
