**11. Conclusions**

Lowering the effects of climate change on crop production, through reducing greenhouse gas emissions, is one of the major focuses of researchers in recent times. With proper manipulation, plant growth promoting microorganisms and compounds, they produce have potential to enhance growth and yield of plants exposed to biotic and biotic stress(es). This can complement other strategies, such as conservation farming and breeding for stress tolerant crop cultivars, to create an integrated approach of enhancing crop production in the face of climate change. Given that the prevalence of stress is predicted to increase with climate change, more research is needed to come up with better and more effective alternatives of utilising PGPM technology; not only to enhance plant growth, but also to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the agricultural sector, which is a meaningful contributor.

**Author Contributions:** J.N. gathered all reading material and wrote the review; D.L.S. did all the editing and guidance on scientific knowledge. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research was funded by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada grant number RGPIN 2020-07047.

**Conflicts of Interest:** There is no conflict of interest.
