2.2.2. Solution Evaluation

The power flow of the actual network is evaluated with PSAT. The *TIC* and *TGC* objectives are evaluated after the continuation power flow routine reaches a feasible solution, considering the technical power flow constraints. Besides, others indices (*Cev*,1, *Cev*,<sup>2</sup> and *Cev*,3) are obtained:

$$\mathcal{L}\_{\text{cv},1} = \frac{\Delta PLC}{\Delta TIC} \tag{21}$$

$$\mathbf{C}\_{cv,2} = \begin{cases} 0, & \text{if } TGC\_{act} < TGC\_{bst} \\ 1, & \text{otherwise} \end{cases} \tag{22}$$

$$
\mathcal{L}\_{\text{UV},3} = \Delta PGC + \Delta QGC + \Delta PGC\_{SW} + \Delta PLC \tag{23}
$$

where Δ represents the difference between the best and the actual solution values.

These indexes allow accepting a solution even if the economic objective function is worse than the current one; this happens when *Cev*,<sup>1</sup> > 0 or when *Cev*,<sup>2</sup> = 1 and *Cev*,<sup>3</sup> > 0. This strategy allows escape from local minima.

All non-dominated solutions are stored in the Pareto Front list, PFL, and the list is then updated by removing the dominated solutions.
