**Elise Monsieurs 1,2,3,\*, Olivier Dewitte 1, Arthur Depicker <sup>4</sup> and Alain Demoulin 2,3**


Received: 24 September 2019; Accepted: 21 October 2019; Published: 23 October 2019

**Abstract:** Determining rainfall thresholds for landsliding is crucial in landslide hazard evaluation and early warning system development, yet challenging in data-scarce regions. Using freely available satellite rainfall data in a reproducible automated procedure, the bootstrap-based frequentist threshold approach, coupling antecedent rainfall (*AR*) and landslide susceptibility data as proposed by Monsieurs et al., has proved to provide a physically meaningful regional *AR* threshold equation in the western branch of the East African Rift. However, previous studies could only rely on globaland continental-scale rainfall and susceptibility data. Here, we use newly available regional-scale susceptibility data to test the robustness of the method to different data configurations. This leads us to improve the threshold method through using stratified data selection to better exploit the data distribution over the whole range of susceptibility. In addition, we discuss the effect of outliers in small data sets on the estimation of parameter uncertainties and the interest of not using the bootstrap technique in such cases. Thus improved, the method effectiveness shows strongly reduced sensitivity to the used susceptibility data and is satisfyingly validated by new landslide occurrences in the East African Rift, therefore successfully passing first transferability tests.

**Keywords:** landslide hazard; antecedent rainfall threshold; landslide susceptibility; satellite-derived rainfall; TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis 3B42 (TMPA); tropical Africa
