4.2.5. Manufacturer

The distribution of accidents by manufacturer is shown in Figure 5. The mode for both distributions is clearly Boeing, which is expected based on the number of Boeing, McDonnell, and Douglas aircraft that have been in operation between 2008 and 2019. There are, however, fewer Airbus accidents with maintenance contributions relative to all official accidents. The key significant difference is for Ilyushin aircraft, where the percentage of maintenance accidents is 10 times the percentage of all accidents. This result mirrors previous research into human factors accidents [28], where accidents with Russian aircraft were more likely to be involved in those accidents. Interestingly, Antonov had no maintenance accidents while it had 43 other accidents in the ICAO official data set.

**Figure 5.** Distribution of aircraft manufacturer for accidents with maintenance contributions.
