*2.5. Grid and Time Step Independence*

Table 5 shows the raceway size after stabilization under different grids and time steps. Further refinement of the grid in either direction did not change the raceway size by more than 2%, which verifies the independence of the computational domain grid. The simulation result did not change by more than 1% by further reducing the time step. This demonstrates the reliability of the numerical model.

**Table 5.** Raceway size of different numbers of grid cells and time steps.

