Concurrent Cooking Activities and Combustion Heating Processes

Periodically, the cooking activities occurred concurrently with a combustion heating process (natural gas or kerosene heaters). All of these cooking activities, aside from two, did not report the type of cooking; therefore, it was not possible to classify them as light or intensive cooking. One of the activities was very intensive cooking (grilling burger and sausages) and the other one was a birthday party (candles burning with more than 15 people in the living room). During cooking activities accompanied by a natural gas heater, the mean calculated PM2.5 concentrations were between <sup>9</sup> <sup>μ</sup>g/m3 and 70 <sup>μ</sup>g/m3 (submicron PN concentrations between 6.8 <sup>×</sup> <sup>10</sup><sup>4</sup> cm−<sup>3</sup> and 2.7 <sup>×</sup> <sup>10</sup><sup>5</sup> cm<sup>−</sup>3). The corresponding mean calculated PM10 concentrations were between 16 μg/m3 and 81 μg/m3.

Grilling had a significant impact on indoor aerosol concentrations: the mean calculated PM2.5 concentration was approximately 378 <sup>μ</sup>g/m<sup>3</sup> (submicron PN concentration of 3.8 <sup>×</sup> <sup>10</sup><sup>5</sup> cm<sup>−</sup>3) and the mean calculated PM10 concentration was approximately 2100 μg/m<sup>3</sup> (mean coarse PN concentration of 130 cm−3). The birthday party event had a clear impact on both submicron and micron aerosol concentrations: the mean calculated PM2.5 concentration was approximately 65 μg/m3 (submicron PN concentration of 1.7 <sup>×</sup> 10<sup>5</sup> cm−3) and mean calculated PM10 concentration was 374 <sup>μ</sup>g/m3. Using a kerosene heater instead of a natural gas heater further elevated the concentrations of indoor aerosols. During these activities, the mean calculated PM2.5 concentrations were between 43 μg/m3 and 130 μg/m3

(submicron PN concentration between 1.7 <sup>×</sup> 105 cm−<sup>3</sup> and 3.2 <sup>×</sup> 105 cm<sup>−</sup>3). The corresponding mean calculated PM10 concentrations were between 90 μg/m3 and 460 μg/m3.
