*2.8. X-Ray Di*ff*raction (XRD) Analysis*

Discover with a monochromatic source CuKα1 – −1 The X-ray diffraction patterns of the cellulosic pulp and CNFs were obtained using a Bruker D8 Discover with a monochromatic source CuKα1 with an angular range of 5 ◦–50 ◦ at a 1.56 ◦ /min scan speed. The crystallinity index (CI) was calculated following the equation proposed by Segal et al. [38].

−1

### Discover with a monochromatic source CuKα1 – *2.9. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)*

Discover with a monochromatic source CuKα1 – The thermal stability of the cellulosic fiber and cellulose nanofibers were measured using a Mettler Toledo Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA/DSC 1). The measurements were performed by heating the

samples (10.0 ± 1.0 mg) from room temperature to 600 ◦C at a heating rate of 10 ◦C/min under a nitrogen atmosphere with a nitrogen gas flow of 50 mL·min−<sup>1</sup> . The temperature at which the degradation rate was at its maximum (Tmax) was evaluated analyzing the TGA equivalent derivate (DTG).

### **3. Results and Discussion**
