*2.1. Substrates*

Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was donated by the Usina Santa Terezinha (Maringá, Paraná, Brazil), soybean husks (SBH) were purchased from the company Imcopa (Araucária, Paraná, Brazil) and oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) were provided by the company Biopalma Vale S.A. (Mojú, Pará, Brazil). Substrates were dried at 70 ◦C overnight, grinded in a knife mill and particle sizes <3 mm were selected by sieving. SCB and EFB presented a small fibers aspect and SBH presented a powder aspect. Table 1 presents the composition of each substrate.


**Table 1.** Substrates' composition (% in dry basis).

SCB—sugarcane bagasse; SBH—soybean husks; EFB—empty fruit bunches of oil palm. Analytical methods were: NREL TP-510-42618 (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, others—pectin and acetyl); gravimetric analysis after solvent extraction in Soxhlet using hexane (lipids); Kjeldahl (proteins); gravimetric analysis after calcination at 555 ◦C for 6 h (ash); NREL TP-510-42619 (extractives); "others" are mostly represented by pectin in SBH and acetyl in EFB.
