**1. Introduction**

4

In recent decades, many studies have concentrated on the search for potential antimicrobials, with an increase in the worldwide spending on finding new antimicrobial agents. Faced with bacterial resistance to antibiotic treatment as well as the discovery of new pathogens, the need for new antimicrobials arises [1].

There are promising reports of different plant-derived natural phytochemicals, and a growing interest in exploring their potential [2]. Medicinal plants have been used around the world for various purposes, just as their active chemical compounds have been used to combat various diseases. Essential oils are well known for their pharmacological activities, including antibacterial [3] and trypanocidal activity [4], and may represent a promising source of new natural drugs.

**Citation:** Teles, A.M.; Silva-Silva, J.V.; Fernandes, J.M.P.; Calabrese, K.d.S.; Abreu-Silva, A.L.; Marinho, S.C.; Mouchrek, A.N.; Filho, V.E.M.; Almeida-Souza, F. *Aniba rosaeodora* (Var. amazonica Ducke) Essential Oil: Chemical Composition, Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Antitrypanosomal Activity. *Antibiotics* **2021**, *10*, 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/ antibiotics10010024

Received: 27 November 2020 Accepted: 28 December 2020 Published: 30 December 2020

**Publisher's Note:** MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

**Copyright:** © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).

*Aniba rosaeodora* Ducke, Lauraceae is a large tree that reaches 30 m in height, with yellow-brown bark (hence the name rosewood) and grows in the Amazon region (Figure 1A) [5]. Rosewood essential oil (Figure 1B) is widely used in the perfumery industry and its extraction for industrial purposes began in the interior of the state of Pará, Brazil, around 1930 [6]. All parts of the tree are fragrant, although only the trunk wood is harvested and hydrodistilled to obtain rosewood oil, a valuable product. The species has been used in the Amazon as a medicinal plant to control epileptic seizures, to compose regional fragrances and as an ornamental plant [7].

**Figure 1.** *Aniba rosaeodora* tree (**A**) and essential oil (**B**).

Rosewood oil is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a woody floral fragrance, containing monoterpenic alcohol linalool as the main constituent. It is of interest to the flavor and fragrance industries because it is transformed into several valuable derivatives [8]. There are few reports of pharmacological properties of Rosewood oil associated with its chemical profile. These properties are the result of the synergism of all the molecules present in the oil or reflect the activity of its major compound linalool, presenting antibacterial and antifungal [9,10], antioxidant [11] and antiprotozoan properties [12].

Available data on the biological activity of rosewood essential oil are quite limited, because most studies have focused on linalool, its main constituent [13]. Thus, this work aims to evaluate the chemical composition of *Aniba rosaeodora* essential oil extracted in the Amazon biome, as well as its antibacterial, antioxidant and trypanocidal activity.
