**Appendix A**

**Figure A1.** EMS—classical PI control strategy setup.

**Figure A2.** SMCAR HEV Powers—classical PI control EMS.

**Figure A3.** Fuel cell (FC). (**a**) FC current; (**b**) FC voltage; (**c**) FC consumption.

**Figure A4.** Li-ion battery specific variables. (**a**) Battery current; (**b**) battery voltage; (**c**) battery SOC.

**Figure A5.** SC specific variables. (**a**) SC current variation; (**b**) SC voltage.

**Figure A6.** EMS-equivalent consumption minimization strategy setup.

**Figure A7.** SMCAR HEV power-equivalent consumption minimization EMS.

**Figure A8.** Fuel cell. (**a**) FC current; (**b**) FC voltage; (**c**) FC consumption.

**Figure A9.** Li-ion battery specific variables. (**a**) Battery current; (**b**) battery voltage; (**c**) battery SOC.

**Figure A10.** SC specific variables. (**a**) SC current variation; (**b**) SC voltage.
