*3.3. Particle Filter SOC Estimator*

In this section, a second nonlinear SOC estimator, namely PFE SOC, is chosen to achieve a high precision SOC for both models of Li-ion batteries, which makes possible a complete, relevant and credible analysis of the performance of all three SOC estimators proposed in our research. It is used "to estimate the states, which approximate the probability density function of a non-linear, non-Gaussian system by using the Monte-Carlo simulation technique", as is mentioned in [11].
