**5. Diagnostic Implementation and Evaluation**

This section shows the validation results of the proposed FDI scheme. The UDDS was selected for use in validation, as it is a realistic daily driving cycle. The experimental runs consisted of multiple UDDS cycles. The experimental setup is described in Section 4.1. The same set of data obtained in Section 4 was also used for the simulations in this section. The simulations started at an SOC of 95% and ended at 20%, and was conducted at various decreasing cell capacities. Faults were injected at random time points. The FDI scheme was validated at all tested capacities to ensure faults can be diagnosed while the cell underwent degradation.
