**3. Genetic Consequence and Fate of NUPTs**/**NUMTs in Plants**

Once the organellar DNA has integrated into the nuclear genome, the inserted sequences are placed into a new environment and will undergo gradual amelioration to adapt to the host genome. Most of the NUPTs/NUMTs begin to decay because they are not affected by selection pressure [33,38,40]. Analysis of the organization, dynamics, and interspecies variation of current NUPTs/NUMTs in plant genomes suggests the following five post-integration fates of organellar DNA: (a) elimination, (b) mutation, (c) fragmentation, (d) rearrangement, and (e) proliferation (Figure 2).
