**4. E**ff**ects of Organelle DNA-Derived Sequences on the Nuclear Genome Structure and Evolution**

Organellar DNA integration provides novel source of plant genome evolution. In general, NUMT/NUPT insertions seem to expand the genome size due to the incorporation of novel DNA, although some of the newly integrated sequences can be lost through deletion. A recent study showed that the incorporated plastid DNA can be deleted and accompanied by the loss of adjacent non-plastid-derived DNA within one generation of transfer [62]. Thus, the integration of organellar DNA and its subsequent diverse variation events could contribute significantly to the dynamic nuclear genome evolution.
