3.3.1. Chromosome Copy Number Variation (CNV)

Chromosome copy number analysis revealed large differences between K133WT and K133AS-R. The gene copy number variants' length observed was from 0.2 to 200 kilo base pair (kb) based on the size distribution of identified CNVs (Figure 2A). Of the total CNVs observed in K133AS-R, most were in the range of 1–5 kb size followed by 20 to 100 kb, accounting for 43.66% and 16.39%, respectively. A comparative analysis of local gene copy number variations between K133WT and K133AS-R was performed. In case of K133WT, a total of 586 CNVs were identified in which 365 deletions and 221 duplications were observed compared to K133AS-R, in which a total 616 CNVs were identified out of which 377 were deletions and 239 were duplications (Figure 2B).

**Figure 2.** Analysis of CNV diversity in artesunate-resistant *L.donovani* (K133AS-R). (**A**) Size distribution of CNVs detected in the K133AS-R genome (**B**) Comparative CNV analysis of K133WT vs. K133AS-R.
