3.4.3. Optimize Pressure Supply and Water Quality

Real-time data allows SWS to enhance system planning and operations by monitoring the hydraulic and water quality situation throughout the system [81]. On the one hand, the deficit pressure in the water distribution system can be detected so that actions can be taken promptly to alleviate the risk of pipe bursts. On the other hand, automated valve or smart gate operations can adjust the operating status to prevent pipe burst and water leakage, which might compensate for instruments changing process conditions or water treatment plant requirements [47]. Those data from SCADA and hydraulic integration can also be used for foreseeing the negative operating consequences, predicting future boundary conditions, and knowing the current system status in real-time, which empowers operators and engineers to control the water systems more effectively.

The implementation of cyber instruments into the water system can be utilized for warning pollutants intrusion. Continuous online monitoring for water quality indicators, such as free chlorine, total organic carbon, pH, conductivity, and turbidity, assist the effective response to a water contamination incident and to mitigate further consequences. For example, the real-time water quality issue detection system called CANARY can use advanced monitoring technologies and enhanced surveillance instruments to collect, integrate, analyze, and communicate information that provides a timely warning of potential contamination events [82].
