**3. Results**

The best model predicting survival after the fungal infection contained treatment (Wald = 5.520, df = 2, *p* = 0.063), 5 μg of JH treatment (OR = 1.030, Wald = 0.025, df = 1, *p* = 0.875), 10 μg of JH treatment (OR = 0.693, Wald = 3.848, df = 1, *p* = 0.050), sex × treatment (Wald = 10,706, df = 2, *p* = 0.005), sex × 5 μg of JH treatment (OR = 1.099, Wald = 0.025, df = 1, *p* = 0.875) and sex × 10 μg of JH treatment (OR = 2135, Wald = 9136, df = 1, *p* = 0.003). The females had stronger resistance against the fungi than males in the control treatment group (Wald = 3.897, *p* = 0.048). However, administration of the small dose (5 μg) of juvenile hormone did not have any e ffect on the survival after the fungal infection in either of the sexes. Instead, administration of the larger juvenile hormone dose (10 μg) increased male survival but decreased females survival after the fungal infection (Figure 1a,b). Thus, it seems that juvenile hormone enhances male's immunity but corrupts female immunity.

**Figure 1.** *Cont*.

**Figure 1.** Cumulative survival of (**a**) male and (**b**) female beetles after topical application with the entomopathogenic fungi *M. robertsii*. Curves represent the survival functions calculated by the Cox regression survival analysis.
