**Insights into the** *Gryllus bimaculatus* **Immune-Related Transcriptomic Profiling to Combat Naturally Invading Pathogens**

#### **Abid Hussain 1,2,3, Muhammad Waqar Ali 4, Ahmed Mohammed AlJabr 1,\* and Saad Naser AL-Kahtani 1**


Received: 17 September 2020; Accepted: 16 October 2020; Published: 18 October 2020

**Abstract:** Natural pathogen pressure is an important factor that shapes the host immune defense mechanism. The current study primarily aimed to explore the molecular basis of the natural immune defense mechanism of a sporadic pest, *Gryllus bimaculatus*, during swarming by constructing cDNA libraries of the female mid-gut, male mid-gut, testes, and ovaries. The Illumina HiSeq platform generated an average of 7.9 G, 11.77 G, 10.07 G, and 10.07 G bases of outputs from the male mid-gut, female mid-gut, testes, and ovaries and libraries, respectively. The transcriptome of two-spotted field crickets was assembled into 233,172 UniGenes, which yielded approximately 163.58 million reads. On the other hand, there were 43,055 genes in common that were shared among all the biological samples. Gene Ontology analysis successfully annotated 492 immune-related genes, which comprised mainly Pattern Recognition Receptors (62 genes), Signal modulators (57 genes), Signal transduction (214 genes), Effectors (36 genes), and another immune-related 123 genes. In summary, the identified wide range of immune-related genes from *G. bimaculatus* indicates the existence of a sophisticated and specialized broad spectrum immune mechanism against invading pathogens, which provides, for the first time, insights into the molecular mechanism of disease resistance among two-spotted field crickets.

**Keywords:** antimicrobial peptides; genomics; host defense; immunity; next generation sequencing; transcriptome; two-spotted field crickets
