(3) Max-load-node link-addition strategy (MLNLAS)

The strategy aims to alleviate the heavy burden of load centers and balance electricity supply capacity. Combined with the community partition, the load centers get new electricity supply with other generator by new links. Moreover, the new links satisfy the average shortest path. If the leaf nodes are not generators, the new links will follow the LDNLAS.

$$E\_{\rm MLNLS} = \sum\_{D\_3} E\_{\rm st} \text{s.t.} \, s \in D\_3, t \in N\_\prime \,\text{s} \neq t \,\text{,} \text{min} \, L\_{\rm ncv} = \frac{1}{N(N-1)} \sum\_{s \neq t} d\_{st\_i} \tag{18}$$

where *Est* is an additional link, *t* the leaf nodes, *s* the heavy load node, and *D*<sup>3</sup> the set of heavy load nodes in order.
