*4.2. Active Immune Nanomedicine*

In active immune nanomedicine, different synthetic nanoconstructions or natural nanostructures are used which, due to their intrinsic immunomodulating properties, increase the responses of immune cells, in this case interacting with adaptive immunity cells in a more specific way. In this case, there are many different designs and modifications of NPs that can be used. Some are described below as conjugated NPs, exosomes, artificial antigen-presenting cells or iron oxide NPs (IONPs), among the most promising strategies.
