**In-Situ Biofabrication of Silver Nanoparticles in** *Ceiba pentandra* **Natural Fiber Using** *Entada spiralis* **Extract with Their Antibacterial and Catalytic Dye Reduction Properties**

**Wan Khaima Azira Wan Mat Khalir 1, Kamyar Shameli 1,\*, Seyed Davoud Jazayeri 2,\*, Nor Azizi Othman 1, Nurfatehah Wahyuny Che Jusoh <sup>1</sup> and Norazian Mohd Hassan <sup>3</sup>**


Received: 5 March 2020; Accepted: 7 April 2020; Published: 3 June 2020

**Abstract:** It is believed of great interest to incorporate silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) into stable supported materials using biological methods to control the adverse properties of nanoscale particles. In this study, in-situ biofabrication of Ag-NPs using *Entada spiralis (E. spiralis)* aqueous extract in *Ceiba pentandra* (*C. pentandra*) fiber as supporting material was used in which, the *E. spiralis* extract acted as both reducing and stabilizing agents to incorporate Ag-NPs in the *C. pentandra* fiber. The properties of Ag-NPs incorporated in the *C. pentandra* fiber (*C. pentandra*/Ag-NPs) were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Transmission Electron Microscope (FETEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Thermogravimetric (TGA) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analyses. The average size of Ag-NPs measured using FETEM image was 4.74 nm spherical in shape. The *C. pentandra*/Ag-NPs was easily separated after application, and could control the release of Ag-NPs to the environment due to its strong attachment in *C. pentandra* fiber. The *C. pentandra*/Ag-NPs exposed good qualitative and quantitative antibacterial activities against *Staphylococcus aureus* (ATCC 25923), *Enterococcus faecalis* (ATCC 29212), *Escherichia coli* (ATCC 25922) and *Proteus vulgaris* (ATCC 33420). The dye catalytic properties of *C. pentandra*/Ag-NPs revealed the dye reduction time in which it was completed within 4 min for 20 mg/L rhodamine B and 20 min for 20 mg/L methylene blue dye, respectively. Based on the results, it is evident that *C. pentandra*/Ag-NPs are potentially promising to be applied in wound healing, textile, wastewater treatment, food packaging, labeling and biomedical fields.

**Keywords:** silver nanoparticles; *Entada spiralis*; *Ceiba pentandra*; antibacterial assay; catalytic dye reduction
