*2.1. Loading of Nifedipine and DMPC in FCC*

Nifedipine–DMPC–FCC formulations with various ratios of nifedipine and DMPC, as well as the corresponding control formulations, were produced by a one-step solvent evaporation method as follows: Required amounts of DMPC and nifedipine (Table 1) were dissolved in 20 mL methanol and in the final step, the sieved (355 µm) FCC powder was dispersed in this solution. The solvent was removed by evaporation in a rotary evaporator (Büchi, Switzerland). The initial pressure was set to 300 mbar and reduced by 100 mbar every 30 min. We kept the final pressure (20 mbar) for 60 min to ensure that most of the solvent was removed. The resulting drug-loaded FCC powders were then sieved through a 355 µm sieve.


**Table 1.** Expected drug and lipid composition of the sample formulations.

Physical mixture was produced for reference purposes by manually blending the sieved (355 µm) amounts of individual components and mixing for 5 min.
