*3.2. Effect of SEDDS Lipid Excipents on Complex Stability*

Next, the impact of the SEDDS excipients on the destabilization of the complexes was tested. The tested excipients included anionic Citrem, zwitterionic LPC and neutral Captex 300, Labrasol, Maisine CC and Peceol. The results from the combination of LPC and DOTAP-OND could not be determined as emulsification occurred, disabling phase separation under the method's conditions.

Only anionic Citrem had a negative impact on the stability of both DDAB-OND and DOTAP-OND (*p* < 0.001) (Table 4). Zwitterionic LPC and neutral excipients had no impact on the complex stability. These results are in accordance with the observations by Wong et al. [23].


**Table 4.** Effect of SEDDS excipients on the complex stability. The complexation efficiency (CE %) after interactions with a SEDDS excipient is reported relative to the control where no SEDDS excipient was added (CE = 100%).

\*\*\* statistically significant difference relative to a control with added lipid. Results are presented as mean ± SD (*n* = 3). n.d. = not determined.
