2.5.4. Raman Spectroscopy

Raman spectroscopy was used to identify all molecules present in the loaded and unloaded nanoemulsions to determine if new functional groups were evident sue to interaction of the components use in EFV loaded nanoemulsions. A Bruker Vertex 70-Ram II Raman spectrometer from (Bruker Optics, Inc., Billerica, MA, USA) equipped with a 1064 nm Nd: YAG laser for excitation in the region of 3400–80 cm−<sup>1</sup> and liquid nitrogen cooled germanium detector was used to generate spectra that were acquired at 300 scans per minute. The instrument was set at 300 mW and the sample was placed in a hemispheric bore of an aluminum sample holder. The spectral resolution was 4 cm−<sup>1</sup> and the spectra was processed using OPUS version 6.5 spectroscopy software (Bruker Optics, Inc., Billerica, MA, USA).
