**4. Results and Discussion**

The results are summarized in three sections, corresponding to the respective assessment methods Eco-indicator 99 (Section 4.1), CED (Section 4.2), and IPCC (Section 4.3). The results from the characterization stage are given in Table 2, and from the grouping and weighting stages in Tables 3–8 and Figures 5–10. The results describe each stage of traditional and ecological tire life cycles, accounting for their total life cycle impact and five environmental damage categories eliciting the highest levels of detrimental effects established in the study: carcinogens, respiratory inorganics, climate change, acidification/eutrophication, and fossil fuels. The outcomes of the study are the environmental factors quantified as eco-indicator points (Pt), i.e., easily comprehensible parameters facilitating the comparative analysis of dissimilar environmental impacts. One thousand points express an annual impact of an average European resident on the environment.

**Figure 5.** Results of grouping and weighting of environmental damage at individual stages of the traditional and ecological tire life cycle, including impact categories.

**Figure 6.** Results of grouping and weighting of environmental damage from carcinogens at individual stages of the traditional and ecological tire life cycle.




#### *Appl. Sci.* **2020** , *10*, 7015



**Table 4.** Results of grouping and weighting of environmental damage from carcinogens at individual stages of the traditional and ecological tire life cycle [unit: Pt].




**Table 6.** Results of grouping and weighting of environmental damage from climate change at individual stages of the traditional and ecological tire life cycle [unit: Pt].



**Table 7.** Results of grouping and weighting of environmental damage from acidification and eutrophication at individual stages of the traditional and ecological tirelife cycle [unit:Pt].

**Table 8.** Results of grouping and weighting of environmental damage involved in the extraction of fossils at individual stages of the traditional and ecologicallife cycle [unit: Pt].

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**Figure 7.** Results of grouping and weighting of environmental damage from respiratory inorganics at individual stages of the traditional and ecological tire life cycle.

**Figure 8.** Results of grouping and weighting of environmental damage from climate change at individual stages of the traditional and ecological tire life cycle.

**Figure 9.** Results of grouping and weighting of environmental damage from acidification/eutrophication at individual stages of the traditional and ecological tire life cycle.

**Figure 10.** Results of grouping and weighting of environmental damage involved in the extraction of fossils at individual stages of the traditional and ecological tire life cycle.
