**4. Results**

Simulations with the above discussed algorithm were performed using the datasets for single dwellings and 10-dwelling buildings. Five different CHPs were considered, which are summarized in Table 2, where "Gas ICE", "Gas turbine" and "Fuel cell" are

the smallest CHP commercial units as shown in Figure 1, from [14]. "MICAPEMrated" and "MICAPEMmax" is the fuel cell-based CHP system with the manufactured fuel cell operating at both rated and maximum power points, respectively. The simulations for single-dwellings and buildings used the same CHP unit characteristics from Table 2 to help in the results comparison.


**Table 2.** Combined heat and power smaller units and MICAPEM project fuel cell-based characteristics.

Calculations were performed considering three possible scenarios for the primary energy and carbon dioxide emissions reductions. These scenarios are classified as a function of the fuel used to power the CHP installation and the back-up heater, if it is necessary.


Results are graphically displayed in Figures 7–12. Vertical axes values vary depending on the variable analyzed, but the horizontal axis is the same in all the Figures, namely, the CHP technologies. In each technology the four individual dwellings or the 10-dweling buildings are shown for an easier comparison.

Each Figure caption groups the simulation results for the dwellings (Id 1, Id 2, Id 3, and Id 4) and buildings datasets (B-Id). In case of Figures 7 and 8, where PE and CO2 reductions are shown, graph grouping includes the results for the three analyzed scenarios. Figures 9–12 are only function of the energy demand and CHP technology and independent from the fuel scenario.
