*2.1. Wind Turbine Characteristics*

The mechanical power of the WT, which converts wind energy into electric energy, is calculated by the following formula [27]:

$$P\_m = \frac{1}{2} \rho A C\_p(\lambda, \beta) V\_{a^\*}^3 \tag{1}$$

where *Cp* is the power coefficient and does not have a constant value. It varies with the tip speed ratio of the WT. λ, which is the tip speed ratio of the WT, varies the rotational speed of the WT. ρ, which is the air density, depends on both air pressure and temperature. β denotes the pitch angle. *V*<sup>ω</sup> depicts the wind speed. *A* represents the area swept by a blade [27]. λ is calculated by the formula

$$
\lambda = \frac{\omega\_r R}{V\_{\alpha}} \tag{2}
$$

where ω*<sup>r</sup>* depicts the rotor speed and *R* depicts the blade radius.

The power coefficient (*Cp*), which is a function of the λ and β, is the most important parameter for the maximum power generated from a wind turbine. This parameter varies for each turbine type. The *Cp* value of each wind turbine is given as the table by the manufacturer. As shown in Equation (1), the maximum active power (*Pm*) changes linearly with the wind speed.
