*3.3. Optimization Conditions and Vehicle Performance Requirements*

There are three performance requirements by checking the car's driving range with all provided energy, an acceleration time, and a final vehicle speed on a specific grade. The car's range should be higher than 241 km on Air Resources Board (ARB) Transient cycle used by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for class 4 vehicles. Likewise, the driving range for class 8 linehaul truck is 483 km at EPA's 105 km/h rating because the truck drives more highway over long distances. Next, the acceleration time includes the period from stationary to 97 km/h; this may be lower than 34 s for class 4 and 64 s for class 8. In the grade speed test, the vehicle runs on a road with a 6% grade; the end speed should be 66 km/h and 48 km/h for class 4 and class 8, respectively, which is an approximation for the Davis Dam test [25].
