*4.2. Strategies Proposed for the Use in Stationary Applications of Hydrogen Energy*

In order to outline an overview of the possibilities of implementing hydrogen-based energy systems to power stationary applications, respectively to identify the possibilities for increasing the share of the use of hydrogen as alternative resource, a series of strategies have been proposed with a character of recommendation (Figure 14).


**Figure 14.** Established and recommended strategies.

At EU level, there are a large number of projects [88] that are already facing some of the strategies highlighted in Figure 14. To assist and promote the EU's commitment to the "hydrogen challenge", it is worth highlighting some of these significant projects in the area of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology for sustainable future of Stationary Applications: TriSOFC—Durable Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Tri-generation system for low carbon Buildings [89]; C3SOFC—Cost Competitive Component Integration for Stationary Fuel Cell Power, application area: stationary power production and CHP [90]; STAGE-SOFC—Innovative SOFC system layout for stationary power and CHP applications [91]; Remote area Energy supply with Multiple Options for integrated hydrogen-based Technologies—demonstration of fuel cell-based energy storage solutions for isolated micro-grid or off-grid remote areas [92]; Demo4Grid—Demonstration of 4MW Pressurized Alkaline Electrolyser for Grid Balancing Services [93]; ELECTROU—MW Fuel Cell micro grid and district heating at King's Cross [94], ene.field—European-wide field trials for residential fuel cell micro-CHP [95], H2 Future-Hydrogen meeting future needs of low carbon manufacturing value chains [96].

Energy strategies in the context of sustainable development refer both to the present and to the future, as they define the vital interests and establish the lines of action to meet the present and future needs while managing the evolutions in the field. When discussing energy security, it must be viewed as a vital component and includes: security of energy sources, securing the existing energy routes, identifying alternative energy routes, identifying alternative energy sources, environment protection. As a result, the topics discussed and analyzed in the present article fall into the current national,

european and international context, the importance of the problem being topical both from a scientific, technological, but also from a socio-economic or cultural point of view.

In this context, hydrogen, as an energy vector or environmentally friendly synthetic fuel, together with the fuel cell, its conversion technology, can play an important role in energy strategies regarding the efficiency and decarbonisation of energy generation systems in stationary applications. Technologies using low-carbon footprint hydrogen can be valuable in various end-use stationary applications.
