*2.4. Antifungal Test*

Antifungal tests of the as-prepared samples were conducted according to the Chinese Standard GB/T 18261-2013, with some modifications. For all experiments, *A. niger* was used, which is a common fungus that infects bamboo. *A. niger* spores were obtained from BeNa Culture Collection (BNCC, Beijing, China) and were activated before use. After being activated, the *A. niger* spores (approximately 1 × 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/mL (CFU = colony-forming unit)) were inoculated on each PDA plate at 28 ◦C and 90% relative humidity for 7 days until sporulation. Prior to inoculation, the as-prepared samples and U-shaped glass rod were sterilized using a steam sterilizer at 121 ◦C and 0.1 MPa for 30 min using an autoclave (SANYO, MLS-3750, Osaka, Japan). A sterilized U-shape glass rod (4 mm in diameter) was placed on the PDA substrate, which was covered with mycelium, and two specimens were placed separately on the glass rod. Subsequently, the dishes were placed in a climate chamber (Boxun, BIC-400, Shanghai, China), where temperature and relative humidity were fixed at 28 ◦C and 90%, respectively. The tests were conducted for 28 days.

The as-prepared samples, including the original bamboo, TB, AB-10, AB-30, ATB-5, ATB-10, ATB-30, and ATB-200, were used for the antifungal tests with and without visible-

light irradiation (Figure S1). One group was analyzed under visible-light radiation (Philips TLD30W/54) for 6 h every day and then the light source was turned off, whereas the other was analyzed in the dark. All experiments were sextuplicated.

### **3. Results and Discussion**
