**6. Conclusions**

**6. Conclusions**  As a generalization of fuzzy sets and their various extensions, neutrosophic sets introduce three membership functions, thus enabling an easier and more efficient evaluation of alternatives in the cases of solving problems associated with ambiguities and uncertainties. Therefore, several approaches have been proposed for ranking neutrosophic numbers, and numerous MCDM methods As a generalization of fuzzy sets and their various extensions, neutrosophic sets introduce three membership functions, thus enabling an easier and more efficient evaluation of alternatives in the cases of solving problems associated with ambiguities and uncertainties. Therefore, several approaches have been proposed for ranking neutrosophic numbers, and numerous MCDM methods have been adapted for the purpose of their use.

have been adapted for the purpose of their use. The TOPSIS method is a prominent MCDM method that has been used so far to solve numerous decision-making problems, and many extensions of the TOPSIS method have been proposed to enable using different types of fuzzy as well as neutrosophic numbers. Based on a previously proposed extension, a new adaptation to use single-valued neutrosophic numbers is being considered. The additional goal of this study was to confirm the applicability of the Hamming distance alternatively to the Euclidean distance. The results of the considered numerical illustration and the conducted comparative analysis indicate the justified application of the Hamming distance with a less complex calculation procedure instead of the Euclidean distance with a much more complex calculation procedure, especially in the case of neutrosophic set application. Furthermore, The TOPSIS method is a prominent MCDM method that has been used so far to solve numerous decision-making problems, and many extensions of the TOPSIS method have been proposed to enable using different types of fuzzy as well as neutrosophic numbers. Based on a previously proposed extension, a new adaptation to use single-valued neutrosophic numbers is being considered. The additional goal of this study was to confirm the applicability of the Hamming distance alternatively to the Euclidean distance. The results of the considered numerical illustration and the conducted comparative analysis indicate the justified application of the Hamming distance with a less complex calculation procedure instead of the Euclidean distance with a much more complex calculation procedure, especially in the case of neutrosophic set application. Furthermore, the proposed approach has enabled the use of the Hamming distance and/or Euclidean distance.

the proposed approach has enabled the use of the Hamming distance and/or Euclidean distance. Based on the conducted numerical illustration, the most acceptable alternative is ECDS2, the Social E-commerce adoption model. Furthermore, the reliability of the TOPSIS extension based on SVNNs was additionally verified by utilizing the score function and cosine similarity measure. It is noticeable that alternatives ECDS2 and ECDS3 had the same ranking result. Additionally, alternative ECDS2, the Social E-commerce adoption model, was the best-ranked when using different ranking Based on the conducted numerical illustration, the most acceptable alternative is ECDS2, the Social E-commerce adoption model. Furthermore, the reliability of the TOPSIS extension based on SVNNs was additionally verified by utilizing the score function and cosine similarity measure. It is noticeable that alternatives ECDS2 and ECDS3 had the same ranking result. Additionally, alternative ECDS2, the Social E-commerce adoption model, was the best-ranked when using different ranking approaches (ranking based on Hamming distance and Euclidean distance, and ranking based on score function and cosine similarity measure).

The proposed TOPSIS extension based on SVNNs proved to be efficient and easy to use when solving decision-making problems that are complex, multifaceted, and often associated with ambiguities and uncertainties. In addition, TOPSIS SVNNs is a good choice when it comes to the evaluation and selection of e-commerce development strategies.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, D.K., P.S., and G.P.; Methodology, D.K., D.S., and E.K.Z.; Validation, B.P. and A.U.; Investigation, B.P.; Data curation, G.P.; Writing—original draft preparation, D.S. and E.K.Z.; Writing—review and editing, P.S. and A.U.; Supervision, D.K. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research received no external funding.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
