**5. Conclusions**

As technology advances to facilitate the emergence of autonomous medical treatment systems as well as early and accurate diagnosis and triage, the incorporation of sensors capable of supporting measurements of CRM can ensure that patients who require emergency medical care (e.g., civilian trauma patients or wounded service members) receive appropriate treatment interventions, even when medical personnel are not available. As such, the development and availability of a single advanced monitoring system that includes wearable sensors capable of capturing analog arterial waveforms and integrating them with application of machine-learning algorithms (i.e., artificial intelligence) can provide clinical and/or performance decision-support with the goal of optimizing health, safety and wellbeing in prehospital and emergency room settings. In addition to offering robust performance, human factors aspects of the sensing system design must be prioritized such that both the hardware and clinician-facing displays seamlessly integrate into the workflow, making it easier for decisions to be made in time-critical, challenging situations. Finally, such systems and associated algorithms as described in this review paper may be applied to the diagnosis or management of other cardiovascular conditions, such as heart failure management.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, V.A.C., S.G.S., E.K.W., S.C., M.N.S., and O.T.I.; writing—original draft preparation, V.A.C., S.G.S., O.T.I.; writing—review and editing, V.A.C., S.G.S., E.K.W., S.C., M.E.S., M.J.T., M.N.S., and O.T.I. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This work was funded by the U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command and the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program (award number DM180240).

**Acknowledgments:** The authors thank Aiyana Helme for her assistance in preparing the manuscript and Venu Ganti for his assistance with figure preparation.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.

**Disclaimer:** Opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the Departments of the Army, Navy, and Air Force, or the Department of Defense.

**Copyright:** V.A.C., S.G.S., E.K.W., S.C., M.E.S., and M.J.T. contributed to this manuscript as part of their official duties for the federal government. Therefore, copyright is not applicable.

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