**4. Recent Advances toward Practical Applications**

Currently there are several reference methods for mycotoxin analysis such as HPLC and LC-MS/MS. However, their usage is dependent on a variety of factors including expensive laboratory equipment, academic laboratories with skilled personnel, and timeconsuming analysis [10]. In these cases, biosensors and rapid detection kits can overcome such limitations. The primary goal in developing a biosensor or bioassay is making an analytical device that can rapidly and accurately quantify target analytes in the field at a low cost. A biosensor/bioassay with such features can have the potential to be practical and commercial. As described above, the colorimetry sensing technology is springing up showing excellent sensitivity as a powerful tool for mycotoxins detection. However, sample pretreatment is fundamental for the extraction of mycotoxins from complex food and feed matrices. This preliminary step is necessary due to many interfering compounds—such as proteins, lipids, sugars, and salts in complex food/feed samples—leading to matrix effects, signal interference, instruments contamination, and even false-positive results [91].
