**Sensitive Aflatoxin B1 Detection Using Nanoparticle-Based Competitive Magnetic Immunodetection**

**Jan Pietschmann <sup>1</sup> , Holger Spiegel <sup>1</sup> , Hans-Joachim Krause <sup>2</sup> , Stefan Schillberg <sup>1</sup> and Florian Schröper 1,\***


Received: 21 April 2020; Accepted: 20 May 2020; Published: 20 May 2020

**Abstract:** Food and crop contaminations with mycotoxins are a severe health risk for consumers and cause high economic losses worldwide. Currently, different chromatographic- and immuno-based methods are used to detect mycotoxins within different sample matrices. There is a need for novel, highly sensitive detection technologies that avoid time-consuming procedures and expensive laboratory equipment but still provide sufficient sensitivity to achieve the mandated detection limit for mycotoxin content. Here we describe a novel, highly sensitive, and portable aflatoxin B1 detection approach using competitive magnetic immunodetection (cMID). As a reference method, a competitive ELISA optimized by checkerboard titration was established. For the novel cMID procedure, immunofiltration columns, coated with aflatoxin B1-BSA conjugate were used for competitive enrichment of biotinylated aflatoxin B1-specific antibodies. Subsequently, magnetic particles functionalized with streptavidin can be applied to magnetically label retained antibodies. By means of frequency mixing technology, particles were detected and quantified corresponding to the aflatoxin content in the sample. After the optimization of assay conditions, we successfully demonstrated the new competitive magnetic detection approach with a comparable detection limit of 1.1 ng aflatoxin B1 per mL sample to the cELISA reference method. Our results indicate that the cMID is a promising method reducing the risks of processing contaminated commodities.

**Keywords:** frequency mixing technology; immunofiltration; magnetic beads; mycotoxin

**Key Contribution:** Novel nanoparticle-based aflatoxin B1 detection system using magnetic frequency mixing technology for the possibility of highly sensitive on-field testing.
