*4.1. Reagents and Instrumentation*

Chemical reagents, including γ-glycidoxypropyl-trimethoxysilane (GOPS) and (3 aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTS), mycotoxin standards, proteins, and biochemicals, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Kft. (Budapest, Hungary) unless indicated otherwise. OWLS immunosensor measurements were carried out on an OWLS 210 instrument and BioSense 3.8 software (MicroVacuum Ltd., Budapest, Hungary) using OWLS 2400 sensor chips with optical grating of 2400 lines per mm in the SiO2-TiO<sup>2</sup> waveguide layer (MicroVacuum Ltd., Budapest, Hungary). Immunoassays were carried out in an iEMS MF microplate reader (LabSystems, Helsinki, Finland) using high-capacity 96-well microplates (Nunc, Roskilde, Denmark).
