*Article* **Context Mining of Sedentary Behaviour for Promoting Self-Awareness Using a Smartphone †**

#### **Muhammad Fahim 1,\*, Thar Baker <sup>2</sup> ID , Asad Masood Khattak <sup>3</sup> , Babar Shah <sup>3</sup> , Saiqa Aleem <sup>3</sup> and Francis Chow <sup>4</sup>**


Received: 29 October 2017; Accepted: 13 March 2018; Published: 15 March 2018

**Abstract:** Sedentary behaviour is increasing due to societal changes and is related to prolonged periods of sitting. There is sufficient evidence proving that sedentary behaviour has a negative impact on people's health and wellness. This paper presents our research findings on how to mine the temporal contexts of sedentary behaviour by utilizing the on-board sensors of a smartphone. We use the accelerometer sensor of the smartphone to recognize user situations (i.e., still or active). If our model confirms that the user context is still, then there is a high probability of being sedentary. Then, we process the environmental sound to recognize the micro-context, such as working on a computer or watching television during leisure time. Our goal is to reduce sedentary behaviour by suggesting preventive interventions to take short breaks during prolonged sitting to be more active. We achieve this goal by providing the visualization to the user, who wants to monitor his/her sedentary behaviour to reduce unhealthy routines for self-management purposes. The main contribution of this paper is two-fold: (i) an initial implementation of the proposed framework supporting real-time context identification; (ii) testing and evaluation of the framework, which suggest that our application is capable of substantially reducing sedentary behaviour and assisting users to be active.

**Keywords:** context recognition; self-management; unhealthy sitting habits
