*1.2. Contribution*

The main contribution of this study is the combination of several components which previous studies have not combined, together maximizing the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed solution. This is done by integrating the following:


Using the above components, the actual cost of energy can be accurately assessed and minimized based on forecasts and EV/BES degradation, after which possible errors are compensated and charging can be controlled up to a resolution of one minute while taking into account ancillary services to help increase the EV and PV penetration rate.
