*6.4. Experimental Realization*

Figure 12a shows the picture of the wireless e-bike charger and the laboratory setup used as proof-of-concept to test its operation. The realization of the wireless charging for the e-bike at the solar station is shown in Figure 12b. Table 3 shows the parameter values of the various circuit components of the resonant circuit shown in Figure 11a. For the inverter, the 100V IPP030N10N5 MOSFETs switches are used, and, for the rectifier, 200V BYW29-200 diodes are used.

**Figure 12.** (**a**) Laboratory setup of the e-bike wireless charging system and (**b**) e-bike with primary coil placed below the tile in the station and secondary coil integrated into the kickstand.

Figure 11b shows the voltage and current waveforms of the primary and secondary circuits. In this case, the zero-current switching (ZCS) of unity power factor is achieved because the voltage and current VAB and I1 are in phase. Therefore, the power transfer is maximized, and the ZCS of the inverter is achieved. The auto-resonant frequency control can also achieve zero-voltage switching (ZVS) depending on the gain given to the predictive zero-crossing current detection. With ZVS, the power factor is slightly less than the unity because the current I1 is lagging the voltage VAB. In Reference [54], the advantages of ZCS and ZVS are analyzed in detail by considering this e-bike charging system. The measured e fficiency from the 48 V DC nano-grid to the EV bike batteries is 89.2% at the maximum coupling condition and with an output power of 230 W.
