*Article* **Assessment of Mechanical, Thermal and Durability Properties of High-Volume GGBS Blended Concrete Exposed to Cryogenic Conditions**

**Giyeol Lee 1and Okpin Na 2,\***


**Abstract:** The purpose of this study is to suggest the optimum mix design with a high volume of GGBS (Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag) replacement and the procedure of the cryogenic test to consider mechanical and thermal properties, and durability performance. To decide the optimum mix design, four mix designs with high-volume of GGBS replacement were suggested, in terms of the slump and retention time. Based on the test results, with respect to the workability and compressive strength, the mixtures with 65% of GGBS (C40-2 and C40-4) were better than the mixtures with 50% and 60% of GGBS (C40-1 and C40-3). After selecting two mixtures, two types of cryogenic test methods were conducted under one-cycle cryogenic condition (Test A) and 50-cycles cryogenic condition (Test B). As a result, in Test A, the compressive strength and elastic modulus of the C40-2 and C40-4 mixtures tended to be decreased over time, because of the volume expansion of ice crystals contained in the capillary pores. In Test B, the mechanical properties of the C40-4 mixture were better than those of the C40-2 mixture, in terms of the reduction rate of compressive strength and elastic modulus. In the view of the heat of hydration, the semi-adiabatic test was conducted. In the results, the C40-4 mixture was better to control the thermal cracks. Thus, the C40-4 mixture would be more suitable for cryogenic concrete and this procedure could be helpful to decide the mixture of cryogenic concrete. In the future, the long-term performance of cryogenic concrete needs to be investigated.

**Keywords:** cryogenic condition; GGBS; compressive strength; thermal conductivity; semi-adiabatic test
