**1. Introduction**

The industrial sector, being one of the largest entities for consuming energy [1], is responsible for 30% of total carbon emission [2]. Further, the up-rising of energy expenses, stringent environmental restrictions, and fossil fuel depletion have shaped increased demand to the reduction of energy consumption and its associated costs in the industries [3]. In this context, ensuring energy efficiency is one of the significant mainstays of the industrial processes that must be addressed as a priority. Energy efficiency gains through the implementation of energy managemen<sup>t</sup> practices can provide multiple benefits to an organization ensuring the optimum usage of energy resources maintaining the desired energy productivity level and reduce the energy costs [4–6].

The energy managemen<sup>t</sup> programs are being developed to endorse energy efficiency in the industries for facilitating energy savings, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and productivity benefits [7,8]. However, industrial energy efficiency still remains unattained [9,10]; with low implementation rates of energy efficiency measures [11,12] because of certain barriers [13,14], although research has shown its immense potential. There are multiple studies conducted at local, regional, national, and multinational focusing the barriers to adopt energy efficiency in the industries [15–19]. On the contrary, the drivers are also found towards energy-efficient technology adoption by several studies [20–22]. The energy efficiency gap has been conferred, keeping the relevance on technical aspects and appliances [23], whilst it has also incorporated behavioral issues [24].

Energy managemen<sup>t</sup> and energy services are mostly studied through theoretically or conceptually, whilst energy managemen<sup>t</sup> practices are studied in an empiric way [25]. Academic studies have been conducted regionally and beyond by many researchers about energy managemen<sup>t</sup> practices and their characterization [15,26–28]. Energy managemen<sup>t</sup> practices, as well as energy services, are perceived as

significant explanations, and few e fforts are paid to depict them including the assessment model to facilitate industrial think tank focusing particular set of actions for improved energy managemen<sup>t</sup> [24]. It is notable to mention that research mainly acquainted the idea of an "extended energy e fficiency gap", expressing the gap abide by technical as well as managerial components. In addition, a vast portion of unexplored market potential namely "energy service gap" exists because of high operating cost at the industrial application phase [29], even though energy services speak for a favorable market-centric resolution for improved energy e fficiency [30]. So far, the avenues between integration of energy managemen<sup>t</sup> with production systems are unexplored. Further, energy managemen<sup>t</sup> into industrial decision-making process is not discussed thoroughly till now. Therefore, it is imperative to explore the domain of energy managemen<sup>t</sup> to support industrial decision-makers pointing to the specified actions which are required to minimize the energy managemen<sup>t</sup> lagging aspects, still keeping mind the multi-dimensional context and complexity of industrial energy managemen<sup>t</sup> systems [31,32].

Given the introductory context, the paper aims to methodologically review the energy managemen<sup>t</sup> assessment models that facilitate the assessment of industrial energy management. Notably, this study does not consider energy generation part and confines its focus to energy managemen<sup>t</sup> framework only to help the industrial decision-making process covering energy consumption aspects in the industries.

This study is novel considering the fact that there has not been any study focusing on energy managemen<sup>t</sup> 4.0 in the industrial decision-making process and comprehends the energy managemen<sup>t</sup> framework to the best of authors' knowledge. In this study, we have worked to synthesize this gap in the greater interest of academia. By doing the review, we want to highlight future research avenues having nexus with energy managemen<sup>t</sup> and industrial energy e fficiency. Interestingly, all of the present research gaps fall into the big area, which is energy managemen<sup>t</sup> 4.0 in industrial decision making. On another note, this study would help the industrial managers and engineers by figuring out improvement options in their energy managemen<sup>t</sup> activities and supply chain system. In addition, the available options for policymakers to address energy managemen<sup>t</sup> regulations are also incorporated in this study.

The rest of this paper is designed as follows: an introduction to the energy managemen<sup>t</sup> concept is presented in Section 1. Section 2 describes the methodology. Section 3 provides the descriptive results of reviewing the literature on energy managemen<sup>t</sup> assessment model. Subsequently, this paper concludes with explaining and incorporating the results in Section 4. Section 5 presents the concluding remarks.
