3.2.2. Maturity Models

This second stream solicits a systematic perspective for assessing energy managemen<sup>t</sup> in the organization [8] that includes the analysis for the requisite steps to enact energy managemen<sup>t</sup> system [46]. Continuous improvement options are one of the significant features of maturity model. Therefore, the maturity model is accepted and popular in academia as well as industries since the development of the capability maturity model (CMM) [47–49]. The maturity models help the institutional enterprises surmount the austerity and enhance the quality by measuring institutional maturity based on particular or multiple domains with the help of predefined rules [50,51]. However, the maturity models are single dimensioned that focus either on objects maturity or process maturity, whilst the process maturity levels are dominant than the object-based model [52]. In one of the studies, Bojana et al. presented the

maturity stages of energy managemen<sup>t</sup> at activity levels [53]. Figure 2 exhibits the levels considered in maturity models for energy and utility management.

**Figure 2.** The levels in maturity models for energy and utility managemen<sup>t</sup> (Source: [54]).
