**Appendix A**


**Table A1.** Specific energy consumption per tonne of steel, CO2 emission factors and price of reducing agen<sup>t</sup> and fuel mix applied in the investigated pathways.

1 All values are from [51]. 2 All values are from [18], except for biomass and oil consumption values. The biomass consumption value is assumed based on [34]. The oil consumption value is from [51]. 3 All values are from [37]. 4 All values from [52], The grid CO2 emission factor depends on the year (Table A1). 5 All values are from [53], except for biomass price, electricity price and coke price. The biomass price is from [54], average electricity price for years 2012–2019 is from [55], and coke price is from [56].

**Table A2.** CO2 emission grid factor of Sweden and Europe for the years 2020–2040.


1 Own calculations. The CO2 emission grid factor for Year 2020 is assumed to be equal CO2 emission grid of 2017. 2 All values are from [44].


**Table A3.** Capital and operating expenses of steelmaking technologies for investigated pathways.

1 Values are from [16]. 2 Value is based on [19,21]. 3 Value is from [9]. Hydrogen storage capacity is assumed for 14 days with CAPEX 0.09€/kWh. 4 Value is assumed to be equal to the CAPEX of the conventional EAF. 5 Iron ore demand is from [51] and iron ore price is from [53]. 6 Scrap demand is from [51] and scrap price is from [56].
