*2.1. Material Development*

Barley straw was collected from the Kapareli village of Thebes, Greece (38◦148" N 23◦1259" E) and it was manually treated and prepared in small bunches. The specific fraction was considered to be suitable because in this way, homogeneity could be achieved when the torrefaction procedure was over. The untreated straw moisture was 6.0% w/w measured according to the procedure UNE-EN ISO 18134-1: 2015.
