**6. Conclusions**

Individuals with IGD had lower resilience, higher perceived stress, and higher depression. Participants with low resilience exhibited 3.46 times odds ratio for IGD compared with those with adequate resilience. Further, depression was a more proximal factor to IGD than resilience and mediated the association between resilience and IGD. Interventions to promote coping strategies and treat depression should therefore be provided for individuals with IGD and concurrent high stress or depression. Finally, discipline is the resilience characteristic most associated with IGD. Its implications for IGD interventions deserve further study.

**Author Contributions:** J.-Y.Y. drafted the manuscript; H.-C.L., W.-P.C., and T.-L.L. acquired and analyzed the data; C.-H.K. designed the study, interpreted the data, and gave the final approval of the version to be published.

**Funding:** This study was founded by the Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST105-2314-B-037-027-MY2, MOST107-2314-B-037-101-MY2), Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital (KMHK-104-006), Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUH105-5R54; KMUH104-4R57), and Research Center for Environmental Medicine of Kaohsiung Medical University in Taiwan from the Featured Areas Research Center Program within the framework of the Higher Education Sprout Project of the Ministry of Education in Taiwan(NHIRD-1060407). These institutions had no role in the design, process, analysis, or production of this study.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
