*4.4. Authors with a Higher Relevance Index*

The driving authors on the field of study of ADIN are Mihara, S.; Marino, C.; and Levine, S. In addition, the author that have a great relevance for the scientific community, bearing in mind their h-index, are Yen, J.Y., and Griffiths, M.D., although their location in the diagram placed them as isolated or cross-sectional authors. For the next few years, we should bear in mind the authors Brand, M.; Dong, G.H.; and Montag, C., because their location in the diagram placed them as unknown authors, and they may disappear or be the reference authors in this field of study (Figure 6).

**Figure 6.** Strategic authoring diagram.

#### **5. Discussion**

ADIN has become one of the most frequented topics in the scientific panorama over the last years. The arrival of the Internet in people's lives has brought many benefits, but also risks that citizens must be aware of in order to take preventive measures [9].

The present work aimed to establish a state of the art study on scientific productivity on ADIN in one of the most prestigious databases at present (WoS). The analysis of the data allowed the elucidation of the exponential growth in which the discipline of knowledge finds itself at present, doubling in 10 years from its origin the number of publications and being nowadays in a phase of linear growth [44]. The large percentage of manuscripts found belonged mainly to the psychiatric and psychological area, linked to the treatment of addictions, drugs, and harmful substances, which denotes that this is a global concern that particularly affects the compendium of the health discipline [32]. However, there is also an emerging amount of research concerning the educational branch, which allows us to see that ADIN is beginning to be a concern for experts in the field of education, in order to promote a practice of a prophylactic nature [33].

Likewise, the analysis on the most prolific institutions and authors in the area allowed us to know that the research on ADIN is an object of study by multiple researchers from different parts of the world, with numerous countries being among the biggest producers of scientific works on the subject, and therefore configuring one of the most important risks that reside in the society [1].

In this sense, the co-word analysis provided an understanding of which of the descriptors had the highest academic performance over the years about ADIN, in addition to being able to visualize its evolution over the years. By way of this, it was possible to distinguish how there was an evolution in this issue, from the origin of ADIN to the present, starting with descriptors such as "sensation-seeking" or "symptoms", to "loneliness", "depression", "self-esteem", "stress", "video-games", or "impulsivity". Undoubtedly, a negative progression is visualized that began with descriptors that alluded to minor symptoms and disorders, and ended with descriptors referring to risks related to serious disorders or diseases such as depression, social isolation, or serious self-esteem problems. This indicates that there has been an increase in ADIN in society and, therefore, there are publications that refer to this phenomenon associated with this type of disease [9,16].

In sum, the results indicated that, to a greater extent, risks associated with the Internet, such as the consumption of pornography and young people's addiction to video games and the behavioral disorders associated with them, obtained a considerable density of publication, and therefore these are risks that affect society today [23,24]. In a similar vein, the analysis of the relationship between issues through the Jaccard index allowed us to discern relevant connections between issues, as was the case with the one maintained between "prevalence-prevalence-depression-adolescent", "addiction-behavior-addiction-adolescent", or "online-loneliness-self-esteem". These links allowed us to corroborate the interest of the research community in the risks associated with ADIN over the years, an idea similar to those expressed in previous research [7,17,33,34]. Specifically, the main population under study, according to the works analyzed, are young people, especially adolescents.

Finally, the scientific mapping of authors with a higher index of relevance allowed us to know a considerable compendium of experts in the present on ADIN, which indicates the importance that this topic is gaining within the current scientific panorama, as well as the need for its study and deepening by the research community.

#### **6. Conclusions**

ADIN is among the most threatening risks to society today and in the future, especially among the younger population, who live more with technological devices continuously, which can lead to severe consequences associated with serious behavioral disorders and psychological diseases.

Through this work, we intended to establish a general state on the productivity and scientific performance of the subject, trying to contribute interesting ideas about the evolution of the subject and about which are the most frequent aspects to be developed by the researchers, who focus their attention on the study of ADIN. All of this information can be used in order to be able to elucidate the working path in the near future.

Among the limitations that comprise this work is the debugging of the data presented in WoS, where in some cases some repeated or unrelated documents are presented. This was also the case in the establishment of the intervals, this being a question of equity, given that the researchers tried to maintain a similar density of manuscripts in each of them. This study focused solely on the WoS database to show the scientific community the state of the art research on the existing literature on the subject. This may also be a limitation of the study. Therefore, as a future line of research, it is proposed that the analysis be replicated in other impact databases such as Scopus. On the other hand, as future lines of research, it is recommended that future authors investigate the search for new risks associated with the excessive use of the Internet, as well as the establishment of effective educational research to help combat and prevent this dangerous phenomenon for present and future generations.

In conclusion, the idea of continuing on the path of promoting healthy living habits with respect to digital health, especially among the youngest people, through a responsible practice to promote a healthy society that avoids coming into contact with the risks associated with the digital world, is stressed.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, C.R.-J. and A.-J.M.-G.; methodology, A.-J.M.-G. and J.L.-B.; software, A.-J.M.-G.; validation, J.L.-B. and G.G.-G.; formal analysis, J.L.-B.; investigation, A.-J.M.-G.; resources, G.G.-G.; data curation, A.-J.M.-G.; writing—original draft preparation, C.R.-J.; writing—review and editing, C.R.-J. and G.G.-G.; visualization, C.R.-J. and G.G.-G.; supervision, A.-J.M.-G. and J.L.-B. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** Ministry of Education and Vocational Training of the Government of Spain (project reference: FPU18/01595).

**Acknowledgments:** To the researchers of the research group Análisis de la Realidad Educativa (AREA) (HUM-672). Research group by belonging to the Ministry of Education and Science of the Junta de Andalucía and based in the Department of Didactics and School Organization of the Faculty of Education Sciences of the University of Granada.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
