*1.1. UK EVs and Power Generation*

In March 2019, it was estimated 38.4 million licensed vehicles in the UK [4] with 317,000 ultra-low emission vehicles (ULEV) recorded [5], and only 25,000 recorded EV charging points, mostly located in dense areas, such as cities. The EV market should scale 100% of new sales by 2030, making it a future leader in-vehicle use in the UK. As the number of EVs increase, the infrastructure and techniques used for charging-discharging will have to be adapted and improved. If there is a lack of EV chargers compared to the number of EVs, the EV market will not grow because many EV owners will not be able to charge, and use, their car. The UK's demand is 38.58 GW at 10:30 on 4 February 2020 [6], with an average EV battery size being 37.125 kW [7], meaning the EV battery capacity in the UK is 26.3% of the total demand. The sizeable, combined EV battery capacity can reduce stress and increase profitability for both the NG and businesses that employ V2G. However, the low number of charging points means this is reduced to 2.4%, which is a big loss. More EV charging points will enable more V2G to take place, meaning the EV battery capacity can be utilised more for the benefit of the grid and the business that employs it. The amount of EV charging points will obviously increase with the rising EVs. Renewable production equates to 31.49% wind, 2.36% hydro and 4.71% solar, which is 38.56% of the production. Wind power varies between 0.25–12.5 GW, hydro 0–0.5 GW and solar varies between 0–4 GW per week. This equates to a variability of 16.75 GW per week, which is 43% of the demand. The EVs' current capacity is more than half of the renewable variation.
