*3.1. Materials and Reagents*

Twenty-five kilograms of beetroot collected from Alexandria's local market, Egypt. Fresh full cream milk was purchased from a local market in Alexandria (protein 2.6%, fat 3%, carbohydrates 4.6% calcium 97 mg/100 mL and phosphorus 79.61 mg/100 mL). Two freeze-dried lactic probiotic cultures; ABT-5 probiotic consists of (*Lactobacillus acidophilus LA*-*5*, *Bifidobacterium bifidum BB*-*12*, and *Streptococcus thermophilus*), and (*Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5*) were obtained from Christian Hansen's, Denmark. Absolute ethanol and methanol, chloroform, sodium hydroxide, sulphuric acid, boric acid, monopotassium phosphate, sodium carbonate, aluminium chloride and other commercial chemicals were supplied from Aljumhoria Company for chemicals, Alexandria, Egypt, Fine chemicals such as Folin-Ciocalteu, DPPH and phenolics standards purchased from Merk, Germany.

#### *3.2. Preparation of the Beetroot Samples*

Stems, and leaves were separated and washed, while the roots washed thoroughly to get rid of any soil residues. After peeling, the juice was extracted from the pulp. Peel, pomace, juice, leaves, and stems were used for further analysis. The plant parts were dried at 50 ± 2 ◦C for three days in (Wt-binder) drying oven; then each was milled until getting a fine powder by grinder (Kenwood FP691, UK). Afterward, the powder was packed into polyethylene bags as well as the extracted juice and stored at −20 ± 9 ◦C till used [21].

#### *3.3. A Proximate Chemical Analysis*

**Moisture content** was carried out using (Wt-binder) oven at 105 ± 2 ◦C for 24 h. till getting a constant weight of the samples. **The ash content** was determined by using a muffle furnace at 500 ◦C. **Crude fibers** was determined according to AOAC [38] by boiling the samples for 30 min with 1.25% of H2SO4, then NaOH after filtration and washing with hot water. The samples were dried in an oven, weighed (W1) and re-dried in a muffle till gray ash was formed and re-weighed (W2), then the crude fiber was calculated as g/100 g by the following Equation (1):

$$\text{Crude fibers} = \frac{\text{W1} - \text{W2}}{\text{Sample weight}} \times 100\tag{1}$$

**Total fat** extracted with chloroform-methanol solvent according to Folch method [39]. **The protein content** was determined by the micro-Kjeldahl method according to Peach and Tracy [40]. **Total sugar** was calculated by difference according to the following Equation (2):

$$\text{Total sugar content} = 100 - \text{(moisture} + \text{lipids} + \text{protein} + \text{fibers} + \text{ash)} \tag{2}$$
