*3.4. Minerals*

Dried samples (1 g) of each wet-digested using conc. H2SO4-H2O<sup>2</sup> mixture as described by Lowther [41]. Phosphorus content estimated by Vanadomolybdophosphoric yellow color method and the absorbance of the sample was measured at 405 nm. The concentration of phosphorus was determined by using monopotassium phosphate standard curve [42], Whereas the potassium content measured by the Backman flame photometer as described by Jackson [42]. Calcium, Magnesium, manganese, copper, iron, and zinc estimated by using the Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma (ICAP 6500 Duo, Thermo Scientific, Gloucester, UK), which standardized by 1000 mg/L multi-element certified standard solution, Merck, Germany.

#### *3.5. Extraction Methods*

The phytochemical compounds in the samples were extracted by the following two methods:

**Instant extraction method** (**IEM**): the extraction performed using ethanol (I) 70%, methanol (I) 80%, and water (I) as Vasconcellos et al. [43] with a slight modification, where each sample was vortexed with each solvent in a ratio of 1:10 (w/v) for 1 min, centrifuged for 10 min at 6000× *g*, and filtered. The pellet of each sample was re-extracted with the same solvent twice, and the filtrates combined before evaporating the solvent at 40 ◦C. The yield calculated as g/100 g, then the lyophilized samples were stored at −20 ± 9 ◦C till used.

**Overnight extraction method (at** −**20** ◦**C) (OEM)**: Each sample was vortexed with methanol (II) 80%, and ethanol (II) 70% solvents in the same prior ratios and stored overnight at −20 ± 9 ◦C before extracting to increase the time of exposure of the plant part to the solvent for enhancing the extraction without being affected by the high temperature followed by the extraction of bioactive component as mentioned previously.
