*3.1. Scanning Electron Microscopic Analysis*

– – – The results of the SEM analysis are shown in Figure 2. It can be seen that the surface ultrastructure of the tests that underwent HyPerCal treatment, initially with H2O<sup>2</sup> and subsequently with Na6O18P6, is almost completely free from detrital particles and clay impurities (Figure 2k–o). This treatment method removed detritus from all the different ultrastructural test features such as pores, ridges, interpore area and spine bases, even in the case of dissolved and etched interpore surfaces (Figure 2n). The treatment with H2O<sup>2</sup> of diverse concentrations (Methods 2 and 5) showed that the different ultrastructural features of all the specimens were covered to some degree with detritus. Treatment with Na6O18P<sup>6</sup> or water had some better cleaning effects especially for some of the specimens (Figure 2a–e,z–ad) and the same is true for Method 4, of simultaneous treatment with hydrogen H2O<sup>2</sup> and Na6O18P6.

– – – – – – **Figure 2.** Scanning electron microscope images of the ultrastructure of the specimens after their treatment with the different cleaning methods: (**a**–**e**) tomographs of specimens after treatment with Na6O18P<sup>6</sup> , (**f**–**j**) images of specimens after treatment with 2.5% H2O<sup>2</sup> solution; (**k**–**o**) images after treatment first with 2.5% H2O<sup>2</sup> and subsequently with Na6O18P<sup>6</sup> solution (HyPerCal); (**p**–**t**) images after treatment simultaneously with 2.5% H2O<sup>2</sup> and Na6O18P<sup>6</sup> solution; (**u**–**y**) images after treatment with 4% H2O<sup>2</sup> , and (**z**–**ad**) images after treatment with only with distilled water.
