**4. Conclusions**

The tests carried out in the described investigation consisted of measuring selected gaseous pollutants and particulates from two types of grills during the preparation of typical types of food used while grilling. Considering the measurement time and assuming evenly distributed in time emissions during grills usage, PM and considered gaseous pollutants emission factors were calculated for each type of grill and fuel. They were compared with the emission factors from small domestic furnaces powered by hard coal and biomass (wood).

Research results demonstrated that the pollutants present in the emission streams over the grill hearths powered by traditional fuels (charcoal briquettes) are present in lower concentrations than in the case of domestic coal or wood stoves/boilers. The emissions from grills, however, occur at the breathing height in the direct presence of the grill operator. The results of the analyses show that the concentrations of some pollutants from grills show a greater dependence on the type of fuel used (in case of CH4, CO, NH3, SO2), and others on the type of grilled food (in case of PM2.5 and NO2). However, regardless the pattern, research results indicate that in the spring and summer period, emissions from grills may locally be a serious air pollutant, and therefore may also be an important health risk factor resulting from inhalation of pollutants from grilling processes.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization: A.B., G.M., W.R.-K., P.K.; methodology: A.B., G.M., P.K., W.R.-K.; software: J.S.B.; investigation, measurement: A.B., G.M., W.R.-K., P.K., P.O., M.R., J.S.B., K.B., A.M.; validation: A.B., W.R.-K., J.S.B., K.B.; data curation: J.S.B., P.K.; funding acquisition: A.B., G.M., W.R.-K.; writing—original draft preparation: A.B., W.R.-K., J.S.B., K.B.; writing—review and editing: A.B., G.M.; visualization: J.S.B.; supervision: A.B. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research received no external funding. Research was financed from the private resources of the authors. Costs of the manuscript preparation and publishing were partially covered by The Main School of Fire Service and Warsaw University of Technology.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
