**5. Conclusions**

Our present study delivers further support to therapeutic strategies targeting autophagy to kill cancer cells. This article suggests a plausible method of killing human melanoma cells using the same conditions and shows that autophagy plays a vital role in the eradication of melanoma by using CAP and SN. G-361 melanoma cell reduction was produced because of a decrease in the extracellular pH, which results in a reduction in the intracellular glucose level with the inhibition of *mTOR* and *EGF* survival pathways and leads to autophagy activation. However, more studies are needed to dissect the mechanisms that regulate autophagy in aggressive and different melanoma cells for the development of therapeutic strategies that will benefit patient outcomes.

**Supplementary Materials:** Supplementary materials can be found at http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/6/1939/s1.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, methodology, writing—original draft preparation, investigation, and validation, M.A. and B.A.; software, M.A.; formal analysis, S.B.; resources, E.H.C.; data curation, M.A., B.A., and B.G.; writing—review and editing, M.A., B.A., and S.B.; visualization, B.A.; supervision, S.B. and E.H.C.; project administration, E.H.C.; funding acquisition, E.H.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research was funded by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), grant number ICT NRF-2016K1A4A3914113.

**Acknowledgments:** This work was also supported by Kwangwoon University in 2019-2020. The authors' give special thanks to the Department of Pharmaceutics, Jamia Hamdard, Delhi, for providing silymarin nanoemulsion (SN).

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.

## **Abbreviations**

