**5. Conclusions**

Both CP-OCT and C-OCE data may be helpful to a surgeon–oncologist for more accurate detection of a "clean" resection margin during breast-conserving surgery. The test based on assessment of C-OCE images has shown higher diagnostic accuracy (96%) and sensitivity (95%) in comparison with CP-OCT images (Se—92%, Ac—92.4%) for breast cancer detection. Furthermore, the preformed study demonstrated high potential of CP-OCT and C-OCE for di fferentiating particular molecular-biological and morphological subtypes of breast cancer with assessment of the tumor aggressiveness, which is important for subsequent treatment selection.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, N.D.G. and M.A.S.; images analysis, M.A.S., E.B.K., K.A.A., A.A.P., K.S.Y. and D.A.V.; C-OCE methodology and software, A.L.M., L.A.M., A.A.S. and V.Y.Z.; histological analysis, S.S.K., D.A.V.; data curation, E.V.G., E.B.K.; writing—original draft preparation, E.V.G.; writing—review and editing, N.D.G., A.Y.V. and V.Y.Z.; visualization, E.V.G.; supervision, N.D.G. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** The study was funded by the Russian Science Foundation under gran<sup>t</sup> No. 18-75-10068. The development of software for plotting OCE scans was supported by RFBR gran<sup>t</sup> No. 19-32-90110.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders/sponsors had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.
