*8.2. Scale-Up Strategies*

An exploration was directed in which a pilot-scale MEC took care of winery wastewater utilizing different stacked modules and discovered that there was equivalent execution across every one of the 24 modules that were practically identical to the limited lab-scale test. It was tracked down that weak electric association among modules brought about considerable ohmic misfortunes, bringing about various flow densities among modules, featuring the need to utilize grea<sup>t</sup> arrangements among modules [80]. Although less expensive than utilizing large tanks, this methodology can be significantly more expensive than doing so because as many materials are needed to transport the numerous modules. This increases the CAPEX of the framework and serves as an obstacle to the commercialization of the product. Another examination distinguished that, while considering a piled strategy for the increase of hydrogen-generating MECs, the partition film between the anode and cathode poses a huge hindrance. The investigation tracked down that high internal resistance inside the cell is brought about by the sluggish development of electrons over the

membrane layer. Moreover, because membranes are costly, using a large number of films could increase the cost of the framework, creating a significant barrier to commercialization. This shows that frameworks devoid of membranes might be effectively versatile.

The technique for arranging modest cells in series is equivalently less reported; numerous little vessels masterminded in series against one bigger tank implies that the framework can exploit improved blending, strong maintenance, diminished ohmic misfortunes, and enhanced microbial consortium separation over the treatment cycle. Large, permanent treatment vessels are frequently used in conventional wastewater treatment frameworks, and their treatment capacity is frequently restricted. Organizing reactor vessels in succession allows sediments to settle throughout the framework, reducing strong maintenance duration and developing microenvironments inside the framework based on the number of organics in each vessel [159]. A higher concentration of larger, undigested organics will typically be found in tanks toward the beginning of a series rather than tanks at the end of a series. Microbial colonies form in response to these specific conditions, just as they do in response to fluctuations in distributed oxygen, pH, volatile substances, and unsaturated fatty acids [160].
