*2.1. International System*

In the digital era, cybersecurity is of paramount importance for economic competitiveness and continuity of trade for organisations of all types and sizes. As the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) [28,29] asserts, cyberthreats cut across any social and economic activities nationally, regionally, and internationally. It is therefore prudent to explore available international cybersecurity cooperation mechanisms for the protection of critical infrastructure, including water and wastewater critical infrastructure. Of particular focus in this section are the key international cybersecurity stakeholders involved, applicable laws, and the challenges encountered when implementing cybersecurity practices.
