*3.1. Overview of Studies*

Of 597 unique articles identified, 500 were excluded during the title and abstract screening phase, largely due to being cross-sectional in nature, not assessing an outcome of interest, or having the outcome of interest but assessing it prior to 10 years of age. During this phase, none of the publications identified by subject matter experts for targeted searching met criteria for full-text review. Of the 97 articles included in the full text review phase, 11 met study criteria for inclusion (Table S2); the number of articles excluded for each criterion is documented in Figure 1. All included studies were observational cohort studies, with a follow-up duration range from 2 years to greater than 20 years. Six studies were sampled from a school setting [19–24], two from birth cohorts [25,26], one via an adoption agency [27], and two through larger population-based studies [28,29]. Sample sizes varied widely, with smaller cohorts (<50) among special populations (e.g., low-income families) and larger population-based cohorts (>6000).
