**5. Conclusions**

The culturally adapted Brazilian Portuguese version of the RIFL-P measure proved to be a valid and reliable instrument for a brief assessment of responsive caregiving in parent–child interactions in Brazil. Efficient and valid measuring instruments of responsive caregiving appropriate to primary care settings are essential tools to advance ECD policies and programs. This study is one of the first of its kind, designed to provide a culturally adapted, reliable, and valid strengths-based measure of responsive parenting interactions with children under two years of age in Brazil.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization: A.S., A.J.D.B., J.M.J., M.R.; methodology: A.S., O.F., J.M.J.; sample: T.N.M., A.J.D.B., J.M., M.R.D.; software: A.S., O.F.; formal analysis: A.S., O.F.; resources: O.F., T.N.M., A.J.D.B., J.M., M.R.D.; data curation: A.S.; writing—original draft preparation: A.S., A.J.D.B., J.M.J., M.R., T.N.M., J.M., M.R.D.; supervision: A.J.D.B., O.F., J.M.J.; funding acquisition: A.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior–Brasil (CAPES)–Finance Code 001.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Research Ethics Board of the UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO (protocol code 33024 of June 27, 2016) and the Ethics Committee of the Medical School of the FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF PELOTAS (protocol code 1.717.977 of 8 September 2016).

**Informed Consent Statement:** Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.

**Data Availability Statement:** The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, upon reasonable request.

**Acknowledgments:** We are grateful to the families who gave their time so generously and have contributed to knowledge of parental interactions in Brazil. We thank the Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology at the Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil for the partnership.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.

#### **Appendix A. RIFL-P Coding Sheet (Brazilian Portuguese Version)**

