*2.3. Statistical Analysis*

Descriptive statistics were used, and results were presented as percentages and frequencies. ANOVA Kruskal–Wallis test or Mann–Whitney t-test analyses were performed to evaluate the e ffect of covariates on the incidence of pDDIs. A *p*-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS v.22 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
