*2.1. Chemicals*

In this study, most of the chemicals, reagents, and standards were analytical grade and purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Castle Hill, NSW, Australia). Gallic acid, L-ascorbic acid, vanillin, hexahydrate aluminium chloride, Folin-Ciocalteu's phenol reagent, sodium phosphate, iron(III) chloride hexahydrate (Fe[III]Cl3.6H2O), hydrated sodium acetate, hydrochloric acid, sodium carbonate anhydrous, ammonium molybdate, quercetin, catechin, 2,2′ -diphenyl-1-picrylhy-drazyl (DPPH), 2,4,6tripyridyl-s-triazine (TPTZ), and 2,2′ -azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) were purchased from the Sigma-Aldrich (Castle Hill, NSW, Australia) for the estimation of polyphenols and antioxidant potential. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) with 98% purity was purchased from RCI Labscan (Rongmuang, Thailand). HPLC standards including gallic acid, *p*-hydroxybenzoic acid, caftaric acid, caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid, sinapinic acid, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, ferulic acid, coumaric acid, catechin, quercetin, quercetin-3-galactoside, diosmin, quercetin-3-glucuronide, epicatechin gallate, quercetin-3-glucoside, kaempferol and kaempferol-3-glucoside were produced by Sigma-Aldrich (Castle Hill, NSW, Australia) for quantification proposes. HPLC and LC-MS grade reagents including methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, formic acid, and glacial acetic acid were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (Scoresby, VIC, Australia). To perform various in vitro bioactivities and antioxidant assays, 96 well-plates were bought from the Thermo Fisher Scientific (VIC, Australia). Additionally, HPLC vials (1 mL) were procured from the Agilent technologies (VIC, Australia).

#### *2.2. Sample Preparation*

Twenty different Australian grown fresh and mature fruits varieties (2–3 kg) including apple (Royal gala), apricot (Mystery), avocado (Hass), banana (Cavendish), custard apple (African Pride), dragon fruit (Red-fleshed), grapefruit (Thompson), kiwifruit (Hayward), mango (Kensington Pride), lime (Tahitian), melon (Rock melons), nectarine (Fantasia), orange (Navels), papaya (Sunrise Solo), passionfruit (Misty Gem), peach (Florda gold), pear (Packham's Triumph), pineapple (Aussie Rough), plum (Angeleno), and pomegranate (Griffith) were purchased from a local produce market in Melbourne, Australia. The fruits were manually cleaned, and peels were removed and freeze-dried according to the method of Peng, et al. [18], described in the supplementary material. Figure 1 represents the graphical and schematic layout of our study.
