*2.1. Materials*

An extruded PA11 multifilament yarn produced at GEMTEX Laboratory was used as the matrix material and as the wrapping material for the production of the hybrid yarn. The PA11 yarn was made from Rilsan® PA11 pellets supplied by Arkema, Colombes, France. This thermoplastic matrix has a density of 1.03 g/cm3, a melt temperature of 190–195 ◦C, and a glass transition temperature of 55–60 ◦C. Hemp roving with a twist of 37 turns per meter (TPM) was used as the core yarn of the hybrid yarns. This untreated roving was supplied by the Italian company Linificio e Canapificio Nazionale, Villa d'Almè, Italy. The main properties of these yarns are shown in Table 1.


**Table 1.** The main properties of the raw materials.

Their linear density was measured according to the NF G07-316 standard [26], the twist level according to the NF G07-079 standard [27], and tenacity at break according to the NF EN ISO 2062 standard [28].
