*Article* **Macroeconomic Perspective on Urban Sprawl: A Multidimensional Approach in Poland**

**Piotr Lity ´nski and Artur Hołuj \***

> Department of Spatial Management, Faculty of Economy and Public Administration, Cracow University of Economics, 27 Rakowicka St., 31-510 Cracow, Poland; litynskp@uek.krakow.pl **\*** Correspondence: holuja@uek.krakow.pl

**Abstract:** There are important relationships between the urban sprawl process and economic growth. They are usually expressed through spatial relations and changes taking place in the local, regional and national economy. The temporal and spatial dimension, including dispersed location, are the determinants of development and economic growth. Therefore, the urban sprawl phenomenon and the related location, hypothetically conditioning economic growth, should be subject to macroeconomic research. The article examines how urban sprawl affects the national budget and national economic growth. Unlike many studies where urban sprawl is studied by scattering the population around cities, we undertake more complex examination using buildings' location. Urban sprawl, as we understand it, is a spontaneous spread of buildings around cities. To assess the spontaneity, we use a grid of squares with a side of 500 m. The squares are used to calculate the morphological indicators of urban sprawl. Therefore, quantified urban sprawl is one side of the equation; on the other side are macroeconomic variables. In this way, we examine the relationship between urban sprawl and the national budget and economic growth of Poland. The conclusions obtained are, e.g., urban sprawl does not have a negative effect on the national economy and the budget. This is a different conclusion from those thus far. There are also different conclusions on the regional level. Based on the research results, we formulate recommendations for national economic policy and spatial policy.

**Keywords:** urban sprawl; macroeconomics; externalities; budget; spatial policy; economic policy
