*2.3. Research Idea*

This study uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to obtain richer and more convincing conclusions. On the one hand, this study visualizes the spatiotemporal evolution of carbon emission and land economic efficiency to obtain preliminaries conclusions; on the other hand, this study uses an econometric model to verify the above conclusions from a quantitative perspective and to obtain richer conclusions. Figure 2 is the methodological framework of the research idea of this study.

**Figure 2.** Methodological framework.

#### **3. Variable Design and Analysis**
