*3.2. Explanatory Variables*

This study uses innovation agglomeration to represent the background of innovationdriven, so the moderate variable is innovation agglomeration (Inno\_agg). The core explanatory variables reflect land use transition in the direction of innovation agglomeration and

contain human capital dimension, material capital dimension, urban function dimension and governmen<sup>t</sup> dimension. In addition, we have further set further Hypotheses H3 and H4 in this section.
