**4. Conclusions**

This study first quantitatively evaluated the IMERG-E and IMERG-F satellite precipitation products, and then combined the improved RTI method to analyze its application e ffects in flash flood warnings, which has three major contributions:


To sum up, the above research results will contribute to the application of satellite remote sensing data in flash flood warnings.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, M.M. and P.J.; methodology, M.M., P.J. and G.T.; software, G.T.; validation, P.J., G.T., and Z.M.; formal analysis, M.M.; investigation, D.W.; resources, M.M. and G.T.; data curation, P.J.; writing—original draft preparation, M.M., P.J. and Z.M.; writing—review and editing, M.M., P.J., H.W. and H.Y.; visualization, G.T. and P.J.; supervision, H.W.; project administration, H.W.; funding acquisition, H.W. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC1508105) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC. General Projects: (Grant No. 41471430), the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China ((No. 51909052), Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (18JCQNJC08800), Research on Key Technologies of Flash Flood Prevention Based on Multi-machine Learning Model (2019KJ086), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41901343), the Key R&D Program of Ministry of Science and Technology (Grant No. 2018YFC1506500), the State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2018M630037, and 2019T120021), the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science (Grant No. OFSLRSS201909), and Research on Flash Flood Warning Based on Machine Learning: A Case Study of Yunnan Province (52XB1903).

**Acknowledgments:** The authors wish to thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no potential conflict of interests.
