**2. Materials and Methods**

The review of different meteorological, hydrological, and biological features and processes is made on the basis of scientific publications, our own research conducted for the Black Sea coast of Russia during the past 30 years, and our own experience as "tourists" coming to Novorossiysk for summer vacation every year.

The analyses and visualizations of data for the air temperature and atmospheric precipitation used in this study were produced with the Giovanni online data system v.4.32, developed and maintained by the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) [30]. As for the air temperature, we used the area-averaged 2 m air temperature (monthly mean) with a spatial resolution of 0.50 × 0.625◦ for the region 43.4–45.2◦ N; 36.6–40.0◦ E, which covers the coastal zone of Russia from the Kerch Strait to the border with Abkhazia (Figure 1), and the time period from 1981 to 2020 (MERRA-2 Model M2IMNXASM\_5.12.4) [31]. For the sea surface temperature, we used the areaaveraged (monthly mean) skin water temperature produced by MERRA-2 M2TMNXOCN V5.12.4 Model with the same spatial resolution and for the same region [32]. For these parameters, we investigated interannual variability of monthly averaged data for the summer period only (June–August) as well as for May and September, separately.

For atmospheric precipitation (mm/month) we used an area-averaged "Merged satellite-gauge precipitation estimate final run" (GPM\_3IMERGM v06) (monthly mean) model with a spatial resolution of 0.1 × 0.1◦ for the same region and for the time period 2000–2020 [33]. For the wind speed (m/s), we used area-averaged monthly mean values of the wind speed from the MERRA-2 M2TMNXFLX v5.12.4 Model with a spatial resolution of 0.50 × 0.625◦ for the same region and for the time period from 1981 to 2020 [34].

Satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image was downloaded from the ESA Copernicus Open Access Hub (https://scihub.copernicus.eu, accessed on 30 August 2021). For optical imagery we used NASA Worldview Snapshots (https://wvs.earthdata.nasa.gov, accessed on 30 August 2021).
