**6. Conclusions**

The Bonanza project presents the benefits of including coproduction and application of knowledge within a hydro-social framework. Similar to past models, we explicitly connected upstream and downstream disciplines focused on water resources. What is novel, however, is our focus on the coproduction of knowledge and the application of this knowledge to the benefit of scientists, students, and the local community. Our project successfully addressed two major goals: to contribute directly to sustainable water managemen<sup>t</sup> within the village of Zurite and to produce an ILEK while training a culturally educated cohort of socio-hydrologists. The resulting ILEK, which incorporates both Allin Kawsay and Western approaches to hydrologic science, has built the local capacity to measure, monitor and manage local water resources, and generated local resilience to natural and socio-political external forces.

Specifically, we explored water resources in the URW, and linked our results to the needs of the community of Zurite. We collaborated with the community to design and construct 1.3 km of irrigation canals, to bring water to the fields of over 100 families, and trained members of the community to monitor local water resources. Based on our study of the URW and the needs of Zurite, we identified key upstream and downstream measures to build ILEK and local resiliency. Upstream, we recommended the conservation of bofedales, to sustain their role as shallow surface reservoirs integral to perennial streamflow. Downstream, we recommend expanding surface water storage, increasing water use efficiency, and examining the impacts of these on water quality.

Our model of knowledge coproduction has had positive and, importantly, lasting educational impacts. We designed and implemented a year-long program that trained 29 students from the U.S. and Per ú to be interdisciplinary and community-minded researchers. These students report a change in their life and career outlook, citing increased cultural humility and understanding of local community needs, and have gone into graduate programs and jobs that are focused on water resources. The mutual learning that occurred during different elements of the program created a more complete understanding of the hydrological framework than would have been possible without input from all knowledge-holders.

Based on our work from the Bonanza project, we conclude that combining Western scientific approaches and Allin Kawsay within the ILEK framework can result in impactful changes for water sustainability and can have a lasting impact on all knowledge-holders in the program, including student participants. Our work placed a strong emphasis on local action and defining best practices for sustainable water managemen<sup>t</sup> and was strengthened by building bridges across different scientific disciplines, and between western scientific approaches and Indigenous and local knowledge, within the community in which we worked. The resulting ILEK provides a framework that can be applied to water development to build local capacity and resiliency and train a culturally educated cohort of socio-hydrologists to work with communities beyond Zurite.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, J.O., K.K. and M.L.; methodology, J.O., K.K., M.L. and Y.M.O.; investigation, J.O., K.K. and M.L; resources, J.O., K.K., M.L. and Y.M.O.; data curation, J.O., K.K., M.L. and Y.M.O.; writing—original draft preparation, J.O., K.K., M.L. and Y.M.O.; writing— review and editing, J.O., K.K., M.L. and Y.M.O.; supervision, J.O.; project administration, J.O.; funding acquisition, J.O., K.K. and M.L. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This project was funded by a two-year award from Geoscientists Without Borders (award number: 2017080009) via the Society of Exploration Geophysicists (Founding Supporter Schlumberger). Additional support from North Coast Rotary and the Sponsored Programs Foundation, Humboldt State University. Canal construction costs were supported by GWB, the Municipality of Zurite, the Community of Zurite (San Nicolas de Bari), and the Comisión de Regantes.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** No new data were created or analyzed in this study. Data sharing is not applicable to this article.

**Acknowledgments:** This project would not have been possible without the generous support of Tomás Ruiz <sup>L</sup>ópez and Gladis Quispe. Thank you to the Municipality of Zurite, the Community of San Nicolas de Bari, and the Comisión de Regantes in Zurite. Uriel Ccopa Villena provided essential logistical support. Many undergraduate and graduate students from the United States and Perú contributed to this study. Z. Pearson read an earlier draft and provided many helpful comments that greatly improved the structure and overall quality.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.
