*2.1. Methods*

The input information used to study the topic was obtained primarily via literature research, from provided internal sources of selected crisis managemen<sup>t</sup> entities, and the activities of one of the authors as the group leader for preparing the Crisis Plan of the South-Bohemian Region. The practical part uses multicriteria analysis methods. Synthesis was used to connect the individual partial findings. The actual assessment of the preparedness (readiness) for crisis situations related to water listed in the planning documentation on the national level of the Czech Republic and the assessment of individual type plans handling catastrophes associated with water was carried out via a SWOT analysis.

The SWOT analysis (of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) was developed in the second half of the 20th century in the United States. It is a useful and highly universal analytical technique that provides us with an understanding and interpretation of strengths and weaknesses as well as of opportunities and threats. It is most frequently used in the area of business, as a strategic tool that can be used to help a company's development [34,35].

A SWOT analysis is based on an evaluation and analysis of the current state of the evaluated entity/topic, its internal environment and the current situation surrounding the assessed entity and outside environment. At its core, it identifies the strengths and weaknesses in the internal environment, meaning what the given entity is good at and where its weaknesses lie, and also analyzes the threats and opportunities located in the outside environment—i.e., factors which the entity itself cannot influence [36,37]. It begins by analyzing strengths, since these are considered an internal force. Above-standard skills, knowledge, and potentials are identified along with resources that may be used in the future to benefit the entity. Weaknesses represent an opposite of the strengths and notably

include internal weaknesses of the organization/considered area, areas where it would be possible to achieve better results. Opportunities are used to identify potential options that may lead to improvement if they are correctly used. External circumstances were identified that may lead to future success. Threats then represent external influences that may make it more difficult to achieve the intended goals. Threats are used to identify aspects that bring negatives, factors which need to be taken into account and systematically prevented.

In order to determine the weight factor, it was necessary to identify the items of assessment. The assessment was carried out based on multicriteria decision-making. Decision-making here refers to choosing or classifying a value of one variant based on selected criteria. Decision-making leads to conflicts of interest, where in socially-economic systems it is difficult to identify priority values. Different groups of people give preference to different consequences of a decision, and hence the assessment of an optimal decision may be carried out via different criteria. The following criteria were selected to assess the individual properties of the SWOT analysis: societal impact, impact on health and lives of the population, economic regression, environmental impact and traffic limitations. A multicriteria evaluation was carried out by a group of experts from the Regional Office of the South-Bohemian Region—Crisis Management Department, the Czech Firefighting Services—Civil Protection Department, the Czech Police, Emergency Medical Services of the South Bohemian Region, Czech Army, Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Povodí Vltavy and VSB—Technical University of Ostrava.

The pair comparison method was used to determine the relative importance of the parameters of the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The individual criteria were compared with each other when calculating the weight coefficient. The more important criterion for the given problem was chosen from each pair. The Fuller Triangle method was chosen for the system used to make the comparisons. The research design scheme can be summarized in the following steps:


### *2.2. Materials—Characteristics of Selected Type Plans*

### 2.2.1. Type Plan—Large-Scale Disruptions of the Supply of Drinking Water

A large-scale disruption of the supply of drinking water is a critical situation which is unlikely to occur unexpectedly, without a preceding event. If the cause of the disruption is simply a standard defect of the water supply network, its delivery can be secured by the appropriate operator of the water mains via a backup supply. However, if there is a critical situation that has a large-scale impact on society related to a large-scale interruption of the delivery of drinking water (where it will not be possible to secure a sufficient reserve supply), the supply of drinking water will be handled within the scope of the system for the emergency drinking water supply. The emergency drinking water supply here refers to securing drinking water for the population in the amount necessary to ensure survival, for the period necessary to restore the standard drinking water supply systems within the affected area.

Disruptions of the drinking water supply could be caused by contamination of the water source (intentional or unintentional), damage to the water treatment system used to create drinking water, extensive disruptions of the water network, or long periods of drought leading to a lack of underground as well as above-ground water. The possible impacts on society include: threats to the life and health of citizens due to drinking contaminated drinking water or water from other, unverified sources; lack of hygiene; the occurrence of epidemics of mass illnesses; intentional damage to water containers or other drinking water dispensing machinery in the case of potential panic or unrest; looting at drinking water retailers and others.
