*4.2. Water Resilience*

In this paper, water resilience represents stable groundwater storage and agricultural water demand. Groundwater (GW) dependency and agricultural water demand are analyzed for exploring water resilience within efficiency-oriented management. Table 4 summarizes GW dependency and agricultural water demand in simulations.

IE policy lowered GW dependency under all three climate scenarios throughout the simulation. GW dependency reduction ranges from 10.7% to 39.1% during 2017–2050 and 1.7% to 14.1% during 2051–2099. The average change in GW dependency was −22.1% in the short-term and −6.2% in the long-term. GW dependency declined initially; however, after 2050, the benefits were consistently diminished.

Table 4 also suggests that IE policy failed to regulate agricultural water demand. Agricultural water demand changes are positive, which means more pressure would be put on the agricultural water supply. Agricultural water demand exhibited rising trends with precision irrigation policy in all three climate scenarios. The increase in agricultural demand ranges from 4.8% to 9.3% during 2017–2050 and 1.8% to 5.6% during 2051–2099. The average change in agricultural water demand was 6.8% in the short-term and 2.7% in the long-term.


**Table 4.** Relative changes of groundwater dependency and agricultural water demand between scenarios and base runs (percent).
