**3. Choice Experiment**

### *3.1. Identifying GM Labelling Policies*

Currently, the GM organism labelling policies around the world fall into two types. One type is voluntary labelling, such as in Canada; the other is mandatory labelling, such as in the US, the EU, and China. In order to determine the exact rules applicable to labelling in the international and national context, we analyze the compilation of the codex committee on food labelling (CCFL), Canada's labelling policies, and the labelling legislation in the EU and its implementation in England. Since 1993, CCFL has begun to discuss the issue of the GM food labelling (1997 Text, 2001 Text, 2004 Text, 2008 Text, 2009 Text, 2010 Text and 2011 Text). Although it has ye<sup>t</sup> to form a generally accepted international standard, the above text in the mandatory labelling has reached a consensus: there must be mandatory labelling in the presence of allergens [34]. Nevertheless, neither the regulations regarding the mandatory labelling of the GM food nor the provisions relating to the thresholds, exemptions and implementation are the same. The voluntary labelling model adopted in Canada requires labelling in the event of the presence of allergens or changes in the nutritional value or components [35]. The EU traceability and labelling regulation 1830/2003296 seeks to address the concerns about the lack of information to enable the labelling of the GM foods, and sets out the requirements for a document audit trail to account for and identify approved GM products throughout the marketing chain. This regulation summarizes the purpose: the traceability requirements for food and feed produced from GMOs should be established to facilitate the accurate labelling of such products. Its objective is to enable postmarket monitoring of health and the environment [35].
