Oil Extraction Yield

Reference, control and PEF-treated kernels oil extraction yields (OEY, %) were calculated as follows:

$$\text{OEY} = \frac{(\text{m}\_{\text{K}} \times \text{L}\_{\text{K}}) - (\text{m}\_{\text{C}} \times \text{L}\_{\text{C}})}{(\text{m}\_{\text{K}} \times \text{L}\_{\text{K}})} \times 100,\tag{1}$$

where mK and LK are kernels mass (g) and oil content (g/100 g), and mC and LC are cakes mass and oil content, all in dry basis (db). Next, the oil extracted into the soaking water (oSW) of control and PEF-treated kernels was determined using the oil content of reference kernels (LReference):

$$\mathbf{u}\_{\rm SW} = (\mathbf{m}\_{\rm K} \times \mathbf{L}\_{\rm Reference}) - (\mathbf{m}\_{\rm K} \times \mathbf{L}\_{\rm K}),\tag{2}$$

Total oil extraction yield (OEYTOTAL, %) of control and PEF-treated kernels was estimated using the oSW:

$$\text{OEF}\_{\text{TOTAL}} = \frac{[(\text{m}\_{\text{K}} \times \text{L}\_{\text{K}}) - (\text{m}\_{\text{C}} \times \text{L}\_{\text{C}})] + \text{oSW}}{(\text{m}\_{\text{K}} \times \text{L}\_{\text{K}})} \times 100,\tag{3}$$
