2.2.4. Mesh Generation

Figure 5 shows the grid structure used for the CFD simulations. The mesh generation was performed using the automated mesher of STAR-CCM+, with the Cartesian cutcell method. The wall *y*<sup>+</sup> values were kept higher than 30 as well as the *k*<sup>+</sup> values as recommended by Siemens [32], as shown in Figure 6. It should be noted that the same mesh was used for all the simulations regardless of the surface conditions.

**Figure 5.** Volume mesh of the Wigley hull simulation.

**Figure 6.** Wall y + on the Wigley hull.
