*Article* **Numerical Simulation of Wave Interaction with Payloads of Di**ff**erent Postures Using OpenFOAM**

**Mingwei Yan 1, Xin Ma 1,\*, Wei Bai 2, Zaibin Lin <sup>2</sup> and Yibin Li <sup>1</sup>**


**\*** Correspondence: maxin@sdu.edu.cn

Received: 10 May 2020; Accepted: 5 June 2020; Published: 12 June 2020

**Abstract:** A three-dimensional numerical wave tank (NWT) is established with Open Source Field Operation and Manipulation (OpenFOAM) software and waves2foam to investigate wave interaction with payloads with different postures in the process of offshore lifting or lowering. Numerical results of regular wave interaction with a vertically suspending cylinder are presented first for validation by comparison with the published data. A series of simulation experiments are carried out, and the forces and the moments exerted by the regular waves on a fixed suspending cylinder payload and a fixed suspending cuboid payload with different postures are presented. It can be concluded from the results that the rotating rectangular payload (cuboid and cylinder) suffers a drastically changed moment when it is initially vertically placed, and the projection area of payload vertical to the force affects the corresponding force. The simulation results also show how the forces and the moments change with different posture angles. With some certain posture, the suspending payload suffers minimum forces and moments. Parametric study for the cuboid payload is done in the case of normal incidence. The influence of the payload's size and wave parameters on forces and moments are analyzed. All of the numerical simulation results and conclusions provide the fundamentals for further research and safe control of offshore lifting or lowering.

**Keywords:** offshore crane; OpenFOAM; wave-payload interaction; NWT
