*2.1. Ship Model and Geometry*

The ship motion simulations in cross wave were applied to a 1:40 scaled S175 containership model without the rudder, propeller, or bilge keels appended. The main particulars of the ship and model are presented in Table 1. Body plan of the ship is shown in Figure 2. A 3D view of the ship hull modeled using STAR-CCM+ software's pre-processing module is shown in Figure 3.


**Table 1.** Main properties of the S175 containership.

**Figure 2.** Body plan of the S175 hull.

**Figure 3.** A 3D view of the model hull.

For the investigation of asymmetric impact loads on a ship when sailing in cross waves, an array of 17 pressure sensors were arranged on both the port and starboard sides of the ship bow area. The exact location of the pressure sensors is depicted in Figure 4. The gauges are positioned in the vertical level of baseline, 0.2 m, 0.3 m, or 0.4 m waterline. P1–P3 are located at the centerline of front bow from top to bottom. P4–P7 (or P8–P11) are located at the intersection of cross-section at 19.5th station (or 19th station) with the 0.4 m, 0.3 m, 0.2 m waterline, and the keel. Note that the P4–P6 and P8–P10 exist in both the port and starboard sides of ship, while the P7 and P11 singly locate on the centerline of bow bottom.

**Figure 4.** Arrangement of pressure sensors.
