**5. Conclusions**

Our results showed that liensinine can effectively prevent the progression of atherosclerosis by modulating the mediators of vascular inflammation via inhibiting the migration and proliferation of VSMC as well as attenuating the release of inflammatory mediators from RAW264.7. Our research is limited to an in vitro experiment, therefore further research is necessary to explore the protective role of liensinine in the pathophysiology of

atherosclerosis. It would be worth conducting an in vivo study in a pre-clinical animal model of atherosclerosis and exploring the promising activity of liensinine.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, D.-W.K. and M.Y.J.; methodology, R.K. and K.R.P.; software, M.Y.J. and R.K.; investigation, M.Y.J. and R.K.; writing—original draft preparation, R.K., K.R.P.; writing—R.K. and K.R.P.; review and editing, N.P. and H.P.D.; supervision, D.-W.K. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research received no external funding.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author.

**Acknowledgments:** The authors would like to acknowledge the research support provided by Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam, Korea.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
