**5. Conclusions**

In this study, we proved that Brainon effectively restored memory in the SCO-induced mouse model by improving the function of the cholinergic system and CREB-BDNF pathway. Brainon exerted antioxidant effects by inhibiting ROS generation and upregulating the SOD proteins. Decreased ROS levels by Brainon treatment resulted in anti-inflammatory effects by the downregulation of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα, as well as anti-apoptotic effects with decreased protein levels of Bax, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved-PARP. This study indicated that Brainon is a potential treatment option for patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, it could potentially be developed as a safe healthcare supplement to improve cognitive disorder and reverse memory loss.

**Author Contributions:** H.-J.L. performed the experiments and participated in the writing and interpretation of the manuscript. H.-L.K. and D.-Y.L. conducted the data analysis and quality control assessment respectively. D.-R.L. and B.-K.C. conceptualization and discussed the conclusion and edited the manuscript. S.-H.Y. planned and led the project, and contributed the data review, editing and manuscript finalization. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This study was carried out with the support of the 'Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development (Project No. PJ013215012020)' Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** The study was conducted according to the guidelines and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use committee of ChemOn Inc. (YoungIn, Korea) (Permission number: 2019-05-003).

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** Not applicable.

**Acknowledgments:** Not applicable.

**Conflicts of Interest:** Author D.-R.L. is director of research institute of Nutrapharm Tech Co., Ltd. Author B.-K.C. is chief executive officer of Nutrapharm Tech Co., Ltd. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
