*3.1. The Relationship between Green Strategy and Value Co-Creation Behavior*

A green strategy should not be a burden to firms. On the contrary, it will promote value co-creation among firms and increase the value of firms. A single enterprise may not achieve the goal of a green strategy completely or to a high degree, depending on its limited ability. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a strategic alliance with green environmental protection as the core between firms [72] to achieve the green strategic goals of ecological, economic, and social sustainable development. As a product of the times and social development, the green strategy has been recognized by all participants in the supply chain, and has formed a green strategic alliance with the upstream and downstream enterprises of the supply chain. The green supply chain strategy can promote the alliance participants to take a positive attitude to cooperate, jointly design products and systems that meet the production requirements, and establish a fair and reasonable cost sharing, risk sharing, and benefit distribution mechanism.

The implementation of green strategy promotes green procurement, which is regarded as the starting point to reduce environmental problems [73]. Cooperation between manufacturers and suppliers is the key to green procurement. Therefore, the deeper the implementation of the GSC strategy, the higher the manufacturer's requirements for raw materials from suppliers, and the more likely the suppliers' raw materials are to be customized, resulting in stronger interdependence between manufacturers and suppliers, more frequent value co-creation, and closer alliances between manufacturers and suppliers. Consequently, we propose (see Figure 1):
